Iqra khatir University, (Urdu: دانش گاہِ اقراَ) is a Private University primarily with its main campus located in Defence Area of Karachi, Pakistan. It has additional campuses in other parts of the city, in Islamabad and Quetta. Iqra University was ranked as the number 1 business school in Pakistan by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan in the rankings announced in 2016. Iqra University also collaborates with universities of international repute for student exchange program.
The shortages of the global health workforce have become one of the most significant policy quandaries paralyzing the functionality of the health system and jeopardizing equity and patient outcomes worldwide. This chapter examines structural and systemic causes of workforce shortage like insufficient investment in education, high turnover, migration and poor governance. It looks into the consequences it has on health systems, specifically in low- and middle-income countries and weak environments where the shortage is most pronounced. The chapter also examines the policy responses, global governance mechanisms and the international cooperation efforts that highlight the pressing need of sustainable and innovative responses to reduce the issue, which also incorporates the enhancement of the workforce capacity, safety of health workers, and fair access to care.
The workflows of digital microbiology are becoming more and more based on the production of large-scale data, automation, and collaboration between institutions, which brings up critical issues regarding the security, integrity, and trust of data. The blockchain technology provides a decentralized and non-tamper able system, which can be used to overcome these issues because of the ability to share data securely, transparent provenance history, and automated control through smart contracts. This chapter discusses how blockchain-based systems of data security and trust in digital microbiology can be used and applied, and the various areas of implementation in clinical, environmental, and industrial settings. Ethical, legal, and regulatory issues are also mentioned, as well as future outlooks of integrating blockchain into a robust and reliable digital microbiology ecosystem.
PurposeAs the race toward net-zero intensifies, manufacturing firms are rethinking how innovation can serve as a catalyst for sustainable transformation. This study explores how ambidextrous green innovation, integrating both exploratory and exploitative innovation strategies enables small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to achieve net-zero based green performance. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory, the study constructs and empirically tests a conceptual framework that connects innovation ecosystem engagement, innovation capability and ambidextrous green innovation. It further examines how the broader innovation ecological environment enhances these relationships and supports sustainability outcomes.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered through a three-wave, time-lagged survey from Chinese manufacturing SMEs. The proposed hypotheses were tested using Hayes' PROCESS macro, allowing for robust analysis of both mediation and moderation effects.FindingsThe results confirm that strong collaborative linkages with core organizations and service intermediaries significantly enhance innovation capabilities. Moreover, a supportive innovation ecological environment strengthens the influence of innovation capability on ambidextrous green innovation. In turn, ambidextrous green innovation contributes positively to net-zero based green performance.Originality/valueThis study provides a novel theoretical integration by linking innovation ecosystem, innovation capability and ambidextrous green innovation within the framework of dynamic capabilities theory. It extends the literature by empirically demonstrating how these constructs jointly influence net-zero based green performance in SMEs. Additionally, it highlights the contextual importance of the innovation ecological environment in strengthening the pathway from innovation capability to ambidextrous green innovation, offering valuable insights for both theory and managerial practice in sustainability-driven innovation.
This study investigates the role of corporate digital innovation in bolstering corporate resilience in the face of escalating sustainability-related challenges. Specifically, our study examines whether corporate digital innovation serves as strategic buffers that strengthen sustainability performance. Utilising a panel dataset of annual observations from 920 firms based in G5 countries from 2014 to 2024, our analysis encompasses 10,120 firm-year observations. Our findings suggest that corporate digital innovation potentially contributes to advancing sustainable futures. Additionally, our study highlights the crucial role of CSR committees in reinforcing the relationship between corporate investments in patents and the implementation of effective sustainability strategies. Our results demonstrate that these committees significantly strengthen this relationship, thereby enhancing the efficacy of digital innovation. Moreover, global CSR reporting is shown to enhance firms' capacities to navigate uncertainties associated with evolving sustainability policies. In addition, emissions performance and ESG ratings show a strong response to patent evaluation when innovation expenditures exceed the threshold level of 3.467%. Furthermore, high-tech exports are found to significantly influence environmental performance and mitigate carbon emissions when innovation expenditure thresholds surpass 2.717% and 3.467%, respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest that robust digital innovation practices contribute to corporate value creation in the face of ESG risk.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis arises from complex interactions among genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and gut microbiota alterations. Recent advances in molecular biology, genomics, and microbiome research have identified novel therapeutic targets, enabling the development of innovative treatment strategies. Natural products derived from plants offer bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, gaining attention for IBD symptom management. Conventional therapeutic management includes aminosalicylates, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and biologics; however, 30–50
