Irbid National University

Intimate partner homicide is one of the leading causes of death for women, disproportionately affecting Black women. To investigate the severity of lethality risk and its relationship with individual characteristics, experiences of discrimination, and mental health among urban Black women in Wisconsin since the start of COVID-19. This analysis was part of a larger mixed-methods study. Women were recruited from community agencies in Wisconsin. Eligible participants could participate either in person, by phone call, or via Teams. Lethality was assessed using the Lethality Assessment Protocol (LAP). The experiences of discrimination were measured by the Experiences of Everyday Discrimination (EDS). Mental health and all other demographic variables were self-reported. The data collection was conducted between 2023 and 2025. Analyses were conducted using descriptive analysis, simple linear regression, and multiple regression. All analyses were conducted in SPSS version 29. Data from 185 urban Black women were analyzed, with an overall mean weighted LAP score of 17.29. The overall regression was significant, accounting for approximately 5

BackgroundEducation is one of the many facets of daily life that have been severely interrupted by the ongoing conflict in Palestine since October 7, 2023. Assessing the efficacy and difficulties of electronic distance learning (EDL) requires an understanding of undergraduate nursing students' experiences with it during this period.AimThe study aimed to assess the levels of satisfaction, awareness, attitudes, preferences, and barriers towards EDL distance learning among undergraduate nursing students during the war.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was utilized to assess the levels of satisfaction, awareness, attitudes, preferences, and barriers toward EDL among undergraduate nursing students.ResultsA total of 292 nursing students participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants demonstrated an overall positive attitude toward EDL (M = 3.02, SD = 0.529), particularly regarding flexibility and ease of use. However, overall satisfaction with EDL was low (M = 2.84, SD = 0.885), revealing a clear contrast between favorable perceptions and actual learning satisfaction. Most students (80.9%) were aware of EDL. Infrastructural barriers were the most prominent challenges, with electricity shortages (64.7%), high internet costs (62.7%), and poor connectivity (61.6%) dominating the EDL experience. Satisfaction levels differed significantly by sex, age group, and digital tool used; however, causal inferences are limited due to the cross-sectional design.ConclusionThe study's findings highlight how crucial it is to continue planning and coming up with solutions that both fill in the gaps in EDL and capitalize on its benefits. The educational institution decision-makers should give this issue a top priority and create a blended learning system to improve communication between instructors and students. Taking into account the security of students during pandemics and wars.

Globally, women are subjected not only to physical and sexual violence but also to economic violence, an insidious and frequently overlooked form of abuse. Economic violence manifests through the control of women’s income, restrictions on access to education or employment, and the denial of property ownership or inheritance rights. Beyond its financial implications, this form of violence embodies entrenched systems of power, control, and patriarchal inequality. This literature review examines how patriarchal structures sustain economic violence against women across diverse cultural and regional contexts. It synthesizes evidence from 42 peer-reviewed studies published between 2001 and 2024 to explore the forms of economic violence, how intersecting identities influence vulnerability, and which interventions show promise in disrupting this abuse. A comprehensive search across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were screened using pre-defined inclusion criteria. A thematic synthesis approach was employed to analyze patterns and contextualize findings. Three recurrent forms of economic violence were identified: (1) direct financial control, such as withholding money or bank access (2), economic isolation, such as preventing work or education, and (3) structural exclusion, such as discriminatory inheritance laws. These practices were reinforced by cultural norms portraying men as providers and women as dependents. Women facing multiple forms of marginalization, such as migrants, ethnic minorities, and those with disabilities, experienced compounded risks. While some empowerment programs showed impact, those that failed to address gendered power dynamics often triggered backlash. Economic violence is not incidental; it is systemic and rooted in patriarchal norms and institutions. Addressing it requires more than financial interventions; it demands transformative, intersectional approaches that center women’s autonomy, justice, and dignity.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly integrated into Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems for applications such as surveillance, disaster response, environmental monitoring, and logistics. These missions demand reliable and secure communication between UAVs and cloud platforms for command, control, and data storage. However, UAV communication channels are highly vulnerable to eavesdropping, spoofing, and man-in-the-middle attacks due to their wireless and often long-range nature. Traditional cryptographic schemes either impose excessive computational overhead on resource-constrained UAVs or lack sufficient robustness for cloud-level security. To address this challenge, we propose a dual-layer encryption architecture that balances lightweight efficiency with strong cryptographic guarantees. Unlike prior dual-layer approaches, the proposed framework introduces a context-aware adaptive lightweight layer for UAV-to-gateway communication and a hybrid post-quantum layer for gateway-to-cloud security, enabling dynamic cipher selection, energy-aware key scheduling, and quantum-resilient key establishment. In the first layer, UAV-to-gateway communication employs a lightweight symmetric encryption scheme optimized for low latency and minimal energy consumption. In the second layer, gateway-to-cloud communication uses post-quantum asymmetric encryption to ensure resilience against emerging quantum threats. The architecture is further reinforced with optional multi-path hardening and blockchain-assisted key lifecycle management to enhance scalability and tamper-proof auditability. Experimental evaluation using a UAV testbed and cloud integration shows that the proposed framework achieves 99.85% confidentiality preservation, reduces computational overhead on UAVs by 42%, and improves end-to-end latency by 35% compared to conventional single-layer encryption schemes. These results confirm that the proposed adaptive and hybridized dual-layer design provides a scalable, secure, and resource-aware solution for UAV-to-cloud communication, offering both present-day practicality and future-proof cryptographic resilience.