Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College

Alterations in land usage and land cover are two of the most substantial forces influencing landscape change. Land use activities have a long-standing and spatially variable effect on the land cover. The current study focuses on the LULC deviations in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh (India) using multi-temporal remotely detected data from 2004 to 2024. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) administered classification technique extracted statistics from satellite records. The post-classification modification discovery method was employed to identify monitor land use/cover change. While agricultural land and thickly vegetated land showed a significant decline in the study area between 2004 and 2024, built-up land, bare land, water bodies, and grasslands increased. The overall correctness of land cover change maps generated from Landsat data alternated between 80 and 85

Hardware security has emerged as a major concern in modern digital integrated circuits due to globalization of semiconductor manufacturing, increasing complexity of IC design, and widespread deployment of IoT devices. Modern hardware systems are vulnerable to attacks such as hardware Trojans, side-channel attacks, reverse engineering, counterfeit IC insertion, and intellectual property piracy. Researchers have proposed several defense mechanisms including logic locking, physically unclonable functions (PUFs), secure boot architectures, hardware obfuscation, and side-channel resistant design techniques. This review paper discusses major hardware security threats, analyzes recent research developments from 2016 onward, compares existing protection methods, and highlights future challenges in secure digital IC design.

State-of-the-art deep learning techniques for the detection of cattle infected by lumpy skin disease are presented in this chapter. This is a viral infection caused by poxvirus lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which is a dangerous threat to cattle health and the agricultural economy. So, early detection and diagnosis play a significant role for efficient disease prevention, management, and control. In this study, we utilized various deep learning models, such as CNN, MobileNet, ResNet50, EfficientNetB0, and VGG16, respectively, on a specific image dataset to classify the cases of lumpy skin disease into lumpy or normal skin. Every model was trained for 100 epochs followed by a strict assessment that made accuracy the focus of evaluation. In our experiments, we discovered that the VGG16 followed by the EfficientNetB0 model is superior to others in terms of metrics like accuracy and balanced F1-score in detecting the disease. VGG16 and EfficientNetB0 show 91.42

Coir geotextiles due to their natural properties have significant potential in road stabilization; however, limitations like moisture absorption and degradation can constitute an obstruction in their wider application. This study focuses on developing such characteristics through oxalic acid treatment to improve mechanical properties as well as durability in the coir geotextile. 15 different samples of treated coir geotextiles with oxalic acid were prepared using the Box-Behnken design by varying concentrations, temperatures, and treatment time. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used to determine the weights by creating pairwise matrix as per absolute number of priority levels for various attributes such as water absorption capacity, California bearing ratio, tensile strength, permeability, adhesion and interface friction angle. Then, the multi attribute technique i.e. technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method (TOPSIS), was applied to rank the various treated coir geotextiles. The best rank is achieved for coir geotextile treated with 2

Alumina (Al2O3)-supported 10-molybdo-2-tungstosilicic green acid catalysts were developed by a novel, cheap, environment-friendly approach and utilized in the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives. The structure and morphology of the prepared heteropoly acid catalyst were studied by FT-IR, XRD, BET, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDX and TG–DTA techniques. The present catalyst shows maximum conversion efficiency in 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one’s derivatives synthesis. The activity of H4SiMo10W2O40/Al2O3 catalysts was tested for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones by the reaction of 2-aminobenzamide and aromatic aldehydes. However, among different catalysts, 20