Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College

In this study, we develop and analyze a novel mathematical model for colon cancer progression in intestinal epithelial cells incorporating the role of CD8^+ immune response. While traditional numerical techniques are commonly employed for studying such biological systems, we employ a machine learning–driven physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach to address the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations arising from the model. The PINN approach integrates biological domain knowledge (e.g., tumor growth kinetics and immune interactions) into the training process of a neural network, thereby combining data-driven learning with governing biological laws to estimate system dynamics and unknown parameters with improved accuracy and efficiency. A rigorous analytical investigation ensures positivity, boundedness, and local stability of equilibrium states, characterized by a threshold parameter analogous to the basic reproduction number ( ℛ_0 ) from infectious disease modeling. Sensitivity analysis highlights the critical influence of mutation rates and immune efficacy on long-term disease dynamics. In particular, an enhanced CD8^+ immune response significantly reduces cancerous cell populations while promoting healthy epithelial cell survival. PINN-based simulations not only validate the theoretical predictions but also reveal critical thresholds for treatment effectiveness and early detection. Overall, this hybrid mathematical machine learning framework provides a powerful tool for modeling cancer progression, offering insights for improving early intervention strategies and optimizing therapeutic and screening policies in colon cancer management.

The article juxtaposes the Gandhian vision of the role of women and partnership in the social sphere with that of Paulo Coelho to argue that a comparative analysis of the two requires a re-reading and a re-interpretation of Gandhian philosophy. How Gandhi influenced Coelho and how Coelho internalised the Gandhian image of women in the novel under review, would show the need to contextualise, decontextualise and recontexualise Gandhian ideal and how it still holds relevance in the modern world.

The following work is a brief documentation of ichthyofauna of soft substrate intertidal pools (SSITPs) from the estuarine mangroves of Indian Sundarbans. SSITPs are shallow benthic and brackish water tidepools that potentially act as a microhabitat and refugia for estuarine fishes. The multi season study pointed out 31 fish taxa as inhabitant of these pools, although many of them are transient, residing brief period in pool as a juvenile. A majority of these fish taxa are from family Gobiidae, which is a species rich group in the estuarine mangrove zones of tropical and subtropical indo-pacific region. The standard length (SL) based comparison have shown no representative fish taxa irrespective of the source SSITPs in any season has grown far from 75mm. This contemplates the potential role of SSITPs as juvenile nursery and small fish refugia. The presence absence data along with 6 different criteria based matrix show that majority of the fish taxa found inside the SSITPs are resident in terms of pool utilization, while few are transient in terms of the traits. Current understanding regarding research and ecology of SSITPs are very limited, hence a holistic approach for conservation of these ephemeral shallow water bodies are very important.

This editorial introduces the Special Issue on Translational Biosensing with 2D Nanomaterials: From Green Synthesis to Clinical Applications, emphasizing the shift from material innovation to deployable systems. Despite advances in ultrasensitive detection, translation remains limited by challenges in reproducibility, manufacturability, and stability. By bringing together contributions on material design, device engineering, and deployment-oriented validation, the issue aims to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale demonstrations and scalable, reliable biosensing technologies for clinical and environmental applications.

The ideas of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are being considered by corporations and nations to a considerable extent. Since the inception of Integrated Reporting (), it has achieved its basic objectives, and most companies are now taking initiatives to include in their annual reports. To make and CSR more useful to stakeholders, the Integrated Ratio Guidelines were proposed by the Center for ESG Research (2017). These guidelines combine financial and sustainability-related performance into ratios known as Integrated Ratios (INTR). The present paper has been prepared based on such INTRs. Data from 16 companies in the cement, automobile, and oil industries have been analysed using their published sustainability and annual reports for the years 2021 to 2025. The key financial metrics such as Return on Assets and Return on Equity, alongside environmental indicators like carbon emissions per sales amount earned and water efficiency etc. are being considered. Comparison is made through figures to industry averages as benchmark basis. The findings reveal that companies investing genuinely in sustainability—reducing emissions, supporting their workforce, and managing resources wisely—tend to perform better financially. This shows a strong link between responsible practices and shareholder value. For managers and investors, integrating sustainability and profitability provides a clearer picture of true performance, fostering responsible growth and long-term resilience.