John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Polish: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Latin: Universitas Catholica Lublinensis Ioannis Pauli II, abbreviation KUL), established in 1918. It is the only private college in Poland with the status of a university.
Decision-making styles, defined as learned response patterns which individuals manifest in decision situations, have considerable adaptive significance. So, it comes as no surprise that the conceptualization of this construct proposed by Scott and Bruce and the measure they have created - the General Decision Making Style (GDMS) - have been used in various research contexts. Despite its undoubted usefulness, however, the tool has certain shortcomings that are repeatedly found across various language adaptations. In the present study, whose goal was to adapt the GDMS to Polish, we identified and amended potentially problematic items in each subscale and assessed the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the questionnaire in a Polish-speaking population. The results of a survey study conducted using a sample of 768 respondents demonstrated that the modifications made to the original instrument were sound, as the Polish GDSM had satisfactory reliability and validity.
The article critically revisits Berry's acculturation framework through the lens of 'digital anchoring' in the Facebook discourse of Polish migrants in Scotland. Drawing on 852 anonymised posts from four large Facebook groups (January-June 2025), we combine qualitative thematic coding with quantitative lexical analysis to explore how migrants construct psychosocial footholds-symbolic, relational, cultural, moral and functional-within digitally mediated spaces. While Berry's typologies (integration, separation, assimilation and marginalisation) offer a starting point, they inadequately capture the fluidity, hybridity and domain-specific nature of adaptation revealed in online interactions. The concept of anchoring (Grzymala-Kazlowska 2015) is extended here to account for digital performativity, affective expression and platform-mediated visibility. Findings show that political debates act as symbolic anchors through ideological confrontation; solidarity exchanges and care requests serve as relational anchors; heritage preservation fosters intergenerational anchors; charity initiatives enable moral anchoring; and pragmatic engagement with Scottish institutions reflects hybrid functional anchoring. Adaptation emerges as selective and uneven-strong in relational and practical domains, limited in symbolic integration with the host society. Facebook functions not only as a site for discussing belonging but as an environment where it is actively produced, negotiated and contested. We propose 'digital anchoring' as a framework for understanding migrant adaptation in transnational, platform-mediated contexts.
The development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is currently one of the strongest factors driving transformation in education. Particularly significant challenges are associated with its application in religious education (RE), which emphasises not only the transfer of knowledge, but also the development of a value system. The exploratory comparative quantitative study presented in this article analyses the attitudes of Catholic religious education teachers at primary and secondary schools towards GenAI in two European, but different countries - Germany and Poland. In total, 236 questionnaires completed by teachers of RE in both countries were processed: 102 from Germany and 134 from Poland. The analysis of the results was based on a triadic model of attitudes, including cognitive, affective and behavioural components. The results show that although positive attitudes towards GenAI dominate in both countries, they manifest themselves differently in Poland and Germany. The study confirms the great potential of new technologies in RE, while also pointing to significant barriers and the need for differentiated implementation strategies tailored to the cultural and systemic specificities of each country.
The article reconceptualizes migrant adaptation as a platform-conditioned process by integrating acculturation theory with the concept of digital anchoring. Focusing on Polish migrants in Scotland, it examines how psychosocial footholds - symbolic, relational, moral, cultural, functional, and transnational - are constructed and negotiated across multiple social media platforms. The study draws on a systematically collected corpus of 852 anonymized Facebook posts (January-June 2025), complemented by a cross-platform qualitative extension comprising 152 textual units from publicly accessible Instagram and Threads content. Combining quantitative lexical mapping with in-depth thematic coding, the analysis reveals that anchoring processes vary across digital architectures. While Berry's acculturation typology (integration, separation, assimilation, marginalization) remains useful as a map of possible orientations, the findings demonstrate that these orientations emerge from ongoing anchoring processes rather than fixed strategies. On Facebook, homeland political debates function as symbolic anchors through ideological confrontation, while solidarity exchanges, heritage preservation, and moral appeals foster relational, intergenerational, and ethical anchoring. Engagement with Scottish institutions appears largely pragmatic and domain-specific. In contrast, Instagram and Threads foreground entrepreneurial, affective, and lifestyle anchoring. The study advances anchoring theory by demonstrating that digital interaction is not merely reflective of adaptation but constitutive of it. Digital platforms operate as adaptive infrastructures that shape the visibility, affective intensity, and interactional form of migrant belonging. By introducing platform-conditioned anchoring, the article offers a processual and technologically grounded framework for understanding transnational adaptation in the digital era.
This study aimed to develop a reliable and user-friendly tool, the Adolescent Perceived Secularism Scale (APSS), to assess adolescents' perceptions of secularism in their peer environment. Secularization refers to the detachment of various life aspects from religious influences and Church authority. As interest in the effects of secularism on adolescents increases, so does the need for precise measurement tools. The article presents the results of 4 studies. In Study 1, we establish the internal structure of the APSS using principal component analysis. In Study 2, we confirmed the internal structure of the APSS using confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 3, we examined the validity of the APSS in relation to the results of scales measuring the centrality of religion and post-critical beliefs. In Study 4, we examined the test-retest reliability of the APSS. We discussed the psychometric properties of the APSS and its potential utility.
