K.A.P. Viswanatham Medical College is a medical college started in 1997 and named after famous Tamil scholar K.A.P. Viswanatham. It started with a capacity to accommodate 100 Under graduate students. Since the year 2007, Post graduate courses were also started. Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Hospital is attached to K.A.P.V Medical College. It is situated 2 km away from the college campus. It run by the state government of Tamil Nadu, which is recognized by the National Medical Commission. It is located in the city of Trichy, in Tamil Nadu. The college was ranked third by students in counselling in 2010.
The magnitude of the problem of sickle cell disease (SCD) in India is very large and diverse. For people living with SCD there are several unmet health care needs making it pertinent to focus on recognizing the important public health burden of SCD in the country. In a bid to achieve this goal, the Indian College of Hematology (ICH) of the Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (ISHBT) in collaboration with Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has formulated a Guideline on Management and Control of Sickle Cell Disease in India. This was achieved by a national taskforce comprising top experts from the field who held multiple sessions to deliberate on different aspects and form consensus on preparing a comprehensive document on SCD care in India. The taskforce has presented its recommendations on various aspects of SCD in India, all of which have been evaluated based on the best evidence. Where the evidence was weak, the recommendations have been based on consensus among the experts. This review which is adapted from the comprehensive guideline document gives a concise treatise on various aspects of sickle cell disease in India along with specific recommendations. The section on screening and diagnosis provides an evidence-based background to scientifically select the most appropriate and feasible test option(s) in various Indian practice settings. The other aspects covered in this review are management of SCD in stable condition, iron overload and chelation therapy, vaso-occlusive crisis, management of other complications of SCD, blood transfusion in SCD, haematopoietic stem cell transplant and gene therapy in SCD, immunization and antibiotic prophylaxis in SCD and monitoring of patients with SCD. It also gives guidance on special circumstances such as pregnancy and surgery in SCD. It concludes with a note on prevention and control of SCD in India with an outline of a defined roadmap to make this possible.
BACKGROUND:E-cadherin (CDH1) is a critical cell adhesion molecule that maintains epithelial tissue integrity. Its loss or dysfunction is a hallmark of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is mostly implicated in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, their invasion, and metastasis. OBJECTIVES:This study aims to evaluate the patterns of E-cadherin immunohistochemical expression in gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinomas using a semi-quantitative scoring system and to correlate these patterns with the histological and prognostic factors of tumors. METHODS:This prospective and retrospective observational study included 50 patients diagnosed with GI adenocarcinoma (stomach, colon, and rectum) at a tertiary care center. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for E-cadherin was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, and the expression of E-cadherin was evaluated using the Jawhari et al. scoring system. Statistical associations between expression patterns and clinicopathological variables were analyzed using the chi-square test, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS:The study population (N=50) comprised 21 gastric (42%), 10 colonic (20%), and 19 rectal adenocarcinomas (38%). Reduced or absent staining of E-cadherin (score 0 - 1) was seen in 19 (38%) of GI adenocarcinomas, and 14 (28%) tumors showed completely preserved E-cadherin expression (score 3). Well-differentiated tumors showed preserved E-cadherin expression (scores 2-3 in all cases), whereas poorly differentiated tumors predominantly showed reduced or complete loss of expression (p=0.001). Adenocarcinoma NOS and intestinal-type tumors largely retained E-cadherin, while signet ring cell, mucinous, and infiltrating types frequently demonstrated markedly decreased expression (p=0.001). No statistically significant association was observed between tumor site and E-cadherin expression. Reduced or absent E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (p=0.002), higher nodal stage (p=0.018), and perineural invasion (p=0.008). CONCLUSION:E-cadherin dysregulation is strongly associated with histological tumor grade, adenocarcinoma type, tumor stage, nodal metastasis, and perineural invasion in GI adenocarcinomas. The significant loss of expression in poorly differentiated and infiltrating tumor types supports its role as an invasion suppressor. Loss of E-cadherin expression in advanced tumor stages, higher nodal metastasis, and perineural invasion elucidate the role of E-cadherin as a useful prognostic immunohistochemical marker in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.
Background Contemporary self-expanding transcatheter heart valves (SEV) have incorporated design refinements to reduce paravalvular leak (PVL) and pacemaker implantation (PPI). We aimed to characterize clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with contemporary SEVs in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched through October 5, 2025, for studies reporting procedural, hemodynamic, and clinical outcomes for patients undergoing TAVR with the (1) Navitor or (2) Evolut PRO/ PRO+/ FX. Random-effects meta-analyses pooled single-arm event rates, stratified by SEV group, using the Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. Between-platform differences were assessed using subgroup interaction testing. Results Fifty-two studies (n = 21,349; weighted mean age 82 years; mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) 4.8%) were included. At 30 days, all-cause mortality was low among Evolut and Navitor cohorts (1.4% and 1.5%; p = 0.63), and device success was high for both platforms (92.1% and 93.0%; p = 0.73). Moderate or greater PVL occurred in 2.5% and 1.1% of Evolut and Navitor cohorts, respectively (p = 0.12), mild PVL occurred in 31.1% and 19.9% (p = 0.046), and new PPI occurred in 13.4% and 15.3%, respectively. Mean gradients remained low among Evolut and Navitor cohorts at 1 year (7.7 and 7.3 mmHg; p = 0.65), while effective orifice area was higher among Evolut cohorts at 1 year (2.1 and 1.8 cm2; p < 0.001) (p = p-interaction). Conclusions Navitor and Evolut PRO/PRO+/FX both demonstrated high device success, low mortality, favorable hemodynamic performance, and low rates of moderate or greater PVL at 1-year follow-up. Mild PVL and new PPI remained frequent. Observed comparative signals should be interpreted as indirect hypothesis-generating findings.
A bstract Āyurveda , one of the ancient Indian sciences, is indeed crafted uniquely, keeping its beauty in its intricate composition, wherein the seers wove the phrases with precision, encapsulating the profound meaning and principles within a concise, yet powerful grammatical structure. Over the years, various authors have made a genuine attempt at coding and recoding the texts using different tools. One among them is Tācchilya , contributed by Ācārya Arunadatta , wherein he conveyed it to be one of the Tantraguna (stylistic cues), which is useful in getting deeper and wider knowledge of the text. These Tācchilya are 17 in number and are the tools that mainly focus on unraveling the implicit message within the textual words. Here, idioms are given prime importance. These 17 Tācchilya are framed based on the basic elements, that is, Dharma , Guṇa , Karma , Sthāna , Śīlaṃ , and Bhūyastva that convey the direct essence or, in comparison with other terminologies. Application of Tācchilya is clearly evident throughout the text, since the time of Gurukul teaching, wherein the concepts of mirroring the Guru , oral transfer of knowledge, and imbibing the practical rituals in self, all denote the Tācchilya in practice. This tool can also be implemented in the present Āyurveda pedagogy to understand the concept of paralleling ( Sādṛśya ) or untold, like in the context of simulation, Ayur SIM, game-based learning, PowerPoint Presentation, and video-based learning. Thus, this methodology plays a significant role in teaching, learning, and clinical applications, highlighting its role in recoding and decoding Āyurveda text.
