Sucrose crystallization is a key stage in sugar production, where control of the supersaturation coefficient (SS) and dry substance content (DS) is critical for product quality and energy efficiency. Direct online monitoring of these parameters remains challenging. This paper proposes a soft sensor based on a five-layer multilayer perceptron (MLP) for simultaneous prediction of SS and DS. The model utilizes three easily measurable input parameters: boiling point temperature of pure water, boiling point elevation (BPE), and the estimated purity of the intercrystalline solution. Training was performed using the RMSProp algorithm on an extensive dataset of experimental data. The developed model demonstrated superior accuracy, with a mean relative error of 1.0 % for SS and 0.49 % for DS, which is 2.1-7.0 times more accurate than state-of-the-art alternatives. An architecture for an automatic control system integrating the developed soft sensor for real-time closed-loop control is presented. Our results show that the proposed approach is a highly effective solution for automating and optimizing the massecuite boiling process.
Volunteering holds great social significance. As more people get involved, social volunteering becomes increasingly diverse. The study explores the semantic stratum in the image of the world and the lifestyle of volunteers with different extrinsic and intrinsic motives. The specific representation of images was studied using the method of semantic differentials with a bipolar set of scales (V. P. Serkin). A specialized questionnaire was used to determine the motives for participation in social volunteering. The results were processed using the method of calculating semantic universals (90% interval) and a statistical nonparametric criterion for determining differences between groups (the Mann–Whitney U-test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, factor analysis). The sample consisted of 197 volunteers with an average age of 35, including 42 men (21.3%) and 155 women (78.7%), members of charitable organizations and independent volunteers for an average of 4.6 years. The data were collected via Google Forms. Most participants demonstrated intrinsic motivation (56.35%; n = 111), represented by spiritual and moral values and a focus on self-realization. Extrinsic motivation was identified in 43.65% (n = 86): social orientation, national and global well-being, and non-material gratitude. Semantic universals and factor structures were identified and described for the entire group of respondents. A volunteer was described as experienced, efficient, caring, humane, active, problem-solving, responsible, and fulfilling. Their lifestyle was represented by the following factors: respectful – moral, intense – interesting, open-minded – cheerful. The activity of a volunteer was composed of such factors as approved – voluntary, diverse – significant, legal – sociable, social – active. The semantic strata differed between volunteers with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Extrinsically motivated volunteers focused on the desire for inner harmony and freedom as central to the image of a volunteer, and professional self-realization and an active life for volunteering as a way of life. They evaluated their own activity as intensive. The participants with intrinsic motivation mentioned altruistic values in describing the image of a volunteer, accepting other people and striving for professional self-realization. They characterized lifestyle by values of communication and cheerfulness. The activity was represented by diversity and high involvement. The respondents with intrinsic motivation were more likely to associate their image with such a characteristic as skillful. Those with extrinsic motives tended to associate it with the concept of responsibility.
The development of food products for residents of the Arctic regions is strategically demanded activity. It combines solution of food security problems and prevention of nutritional deficiencies. In the course of the research on sweet bakery product, the influence of added ingredients at all stages of production cycle was studied. The study determines optimal dosages of components: high-protein Protelon 22 flour, KSB-80 whey protein concentrate, cod liver oil and freeze-dried blueberry powder. The physical and chemical analysis of the bakery product showed that it meets the requirements of GOST 24557-2025: mass fraction of moisture was 32,6 %, and acidity was 2.0 degrees. According to organoleptic parameters, the sweet bakery product had a dark purple color, a sweet taste, despite a decrease in the amount of white sugar, and a pleasant aroma of blueberries. The resulting sweet bakery product satisfies daily protein requirement by 17,4 %, vitamin D by 25 % and vitamin A by 50 % when consumed 100 g per day.
Context and relevance. The concept of "learning styles", despite criticism and a lack of empirical evidence, remains popular in education. In foreign language teaching, it can hinder the development of multimodal communicative skills. This study analyzes the attitudes of experienced foreign language teachers at Moscow universities toward learning styles, comparing their opinions with evidence-based pedagogy. Objective. To identify the prevailing opinions of foreign language teachers at Moscow universities regarding learning style theory, analyze their perceived advantages and disadvantages of this approach, and advocate for a multimodal approach as a more scientifically sound and effective alternative for language education. Hypothesis. The majority of experienced teachers will be skeptical of learning styles or consider their practical value to be limited. Methods and materials. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a critical literature review (critique of learning styles, multimodality, dual-coding theory) and an anonymous survey of 10 experienced foreign language teachers (with over 10 years of experience) from Moscow universities. The questionnaire included Likert scale questions, "Yes/No" questions, and open-ended questions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and thematic coding, followed by triangulation with the literature review. Results. The survey revealed significant skepticism: six out of ten teachers doubted the effectiveness of learning styles, while the remaining four considered them to be of only limited importance. The implementation of the concept in practice was episodic, with two respondents deeming its use counterproductive. Although the majority (80%) noted student comfort and half reported increased motivation through personalization, the main disadvantages cited were a lack of scientific evidence, incompatibility with the goals of language education, impracticality in large groups, and high costs. Approximately 30% of respondents associated learning styles with interactive technologies. These findings, particularly the skepticism of experienced teachers, differed from broader statistics indicating widespread belief in learning styles. Conclusions. The study suggests the need to move away from the concept of learning styles as a primary pedagogical paradigm in foreign language teaching. The systematic implementation of a multimodal approach, supported by modern cognitive theories (particularly dual-coding theory), is recommended, aligning with empirically validated language teaching methodologies. To further verify these conclusions, more extensive research with a representative sample is required.
The paper presents a quantitative description of the torsional dynamics of a macromolecule using the trinucleotide repeat region in the ATXN2 gene as a model system. The analysis of the macromolecular dynamics is based on an angular model, the mechanical analogue of which is a chain of n linked pendulums (n is the number of base pairs) described by a system of ordinary differential equations for angular deviations. Particular attention is paid to how the number and location of CAA insertions in this region contribute to the formation of structurally unstable states and lead to replication and repair defects. The probability of additional open-state zones forming for various CAA insertion configurations and the effect of a viscous external environment on their stability, are calculated using angular and torsional DNA models. The results reveal the nonlinear nature of the CAA insertion effect and highlight the importance of their topology for the physical description of triplet-mediated genomic instability in the ATXN2 gene.
