The objective of this research was to identify the conformation and exterior characteristics of Hereford cattle within the breeding farms of the Samara region. This paper presents an analysis of exterior characteristics, live weight, milkiness and fatness of first-calf cows across four breeding centers in the region. It was established that first-calf cows from the "Kolos" LLC herd exhibited the highest live weight, averaging 464 kg, which exceeds the breed standard by 34.7 kg (8.1%). This group also received the highest exterior conformation score of 84.86 points. Cattle from "K.H. Polyanskoe" LLC were characterized by superior growth, reaching 127.5 cm at the withers and 132.0 cm at the rump. These cows also demonstrated the widest chest (45.3 cm) and the largest chest girth. In contrast, first-calf cows from the "Yug Povolzhya" LLC herd possessed a shallow but elongated body (164.6 cm) and a narrow pelvis. The "K.H. Volgar" LLC herd was characterized by shorter growth, a relatively large hindquarter semi-girth, a narrow but deep chest, and a shorter body length (158.2 cm). The wide and deep chest of the first group (Kolos LLC) resulted in a higher massiveness index of 144.94%, which is 2.05 percentage points (p.p.) higher than that of the "K.H. Volgar" group. The massiveness indices for the third and fourth groups were nearly identical. Among all groups, a moderate overgrowth index (102–103%) was observed, with relatively uniform bone development (cannon bone index not exceeding 15.38%). Regarding maternal performance, the highest milkiness was recorded in the "Yug Povolzhya" LLC herd at 188.4 kg, surpassing the "K.H. Volgar" group by 3.9 kg and the third group by 2.5 kg. Based on these studies, primary directions for selective breeding have been outlined to correct the identified conformation deficiencies.
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of co-feeding a probiotic supplement based on Enterococcus microorganisms and ground synthetic NaX zeolite on the chemical composition and nutritional value of broiler chicken muscle tissue. The experiment was conducted in 2024 on Smena-9 broiler chickens. Birds in the experimental group received a daily suspension of E. faecium RCAM05160 culture with a cell concentration of 1 × 109 cells per mL, at a rate of 0.1 mL per 1 kg of live weight, and synthetic NaX zeolite at a concentration of 5
At the present stage, the strategic course for the development of the agro-industrial complex, focused on the active application of the organic farming system, has been enshrine at the statutory level in the Russian Federation. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to assess the influence of organic fertilizers and biopreparations in the organic farming system on the phytosanitary conditions and crop yields of grain-fallow crop rotation in the forest-steppe conditions of the Trans-Volga region in comparison with mineral fertilizers and pesticides in the traditional farming system. Various methods of introducing biopreparations, as well as multi-component organic fertilizers based on diatomite and zeolite, were studied when using an organic farming system. The influence of organic fertilizers and biopreparations on the prevalence of root rot and brown leaf rust and the yield of grain-fallow crop rotation was studied in comparison with mineral fertilizers and pesticides. The obtained results showed that the combined use of seed pelleting and biopreparations during vegetation reduces the prevalence of root rot by an average of 44.6% for winter rye, 49.4% for hard spring wheat, and 50.5% for barley compared to the control. The reduction in the prevalence of brown leaf rust reached 46.4% for winter rye and 57.8% for hard spring wheat. The greatest increase in yield was achieved by using organic fertilizer consisting of diatomite, wood ash and organic potassium, as well as pre-sowing seed pelleting. On average, for preparations, with two treatments during the growing season, the biopreparation gave an increase in yield of 8.2–54.4% in relation to the control and 2.5–24.7% in relation to pesticides. Among agricultural crops, hard spring wheat and chickpeas turned out to be the most responsive to the biopreparation: the control indicators were exceeded by 54.4 and 47.6% (0.62 and 0.50 t/ha), and pesticides – by 20.2 and 24.7% (0.23 and 0.26 t/ha), respectively. Thus, the integrated use of multi-component, multifunctional organic fertilizers and biopreparations with bioprotection functions in the organic farming system provides an agronomic effect that is not inferior in effectiveness to the integrated use of synthetic chemical mineral fertilizers and pesticides.
Rural tourism is a relatively new concept that has entered the legal framework. Samara Region is one of the regions actively developing this area. This is not surprising, as the region possesses the necessary resources and potential to establish leadership in this field, particularly due to its unique natural environment, rich history, multinational character, and so on. Currently, the development of rural tourism in Samara Region is the implementation of a set of initiatives at the federal, regional and local levels
The article discusses the main conditions and development trends, as well as issues of ensuring the financial stability of enterprises in the flour and cereal industry using the example of JSC "Makfa", which is one of the industry leaders. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the high export potential of the grain-product subcomplex leaves its mark on the trends and features of the development of the domestic grain market and grain processing products. This is due to the fact that the priority is to address export issues, including ensuring the necessary quality of exported grain and appropriate market prices for raw materials and products, but at the same time the domestic market is influenced by negative factors. For the purposes of the study, the financial reporting data of JSC "Makfa" were considered, which were used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of financial and economic activities, allowing for an objective assessment of the current financial condition and, based on the results obtained, to form a model for ensuring the financial stability of the enterprise. For the purposes of the study, a hypothesis was formed that the increased influence of the political factor on the development of the agro-industrial complex contributed to the emergence of new risks and threats to the development of the flour and cereal industry, which determines the importance of constant monitoring of the financial situation and the development of a model to ensure financial stability in the medium term. It was revealed that for the industry, the period is 2020-2022. It was a difficult period, which was accompanied by a decrease in the profitability of production and economic activities, as well as a deterioration in business activity and financial stability indicators. However, in 2023-2024, the industry, as well as the agro-industrial complex as a whole, managed to adapt and adjust to the current market conditions, which contributed to the improvement of basic indicators of financial and economic activity and the formation of a financially stable position.
