Russian State Social University

BACKGROUND: Currently, the issue of an athlete psychological resistance, the focus on moral standards (such as justice, loyalty, respect, honesty) and prosocial sport behavior is becoming increasingly important. However, empirical research is lacking to analyze the characteristics of prosocial sport behavior among Russian athletes. The aim of the study: to identify relation between athletes' focus on moral standards, social values of sport and prosocial behavior and their psychological resistance and psychological well-being. METHODS: The research studied 174 athletes, including team (game-based) sports (volleyball, basketball, football: 53.5%), and individual (cyclic) sports (track-and-field athletics, skiing, swimming: 46.5%); age from 17 to 28 years (mean: 20); 42% are men, 58% are women; sports experience from 1 to 19 years (mean: 8.5); 18% are Masters of Sports and Candidates Master of Sports, 16% have athletic titles, 66% do not have athletic titles. The following methods were used to conduct the study: Psychological Competence of Athletes, Subjective Well-Being Scale (Russian-language version by M.V. Sokolova), Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-32), Spirit of Sport (SOS) (Russian-language version by K.A. Bochaver), Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sports Scale (PABSS-Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sports Scale; Russianlanguage version by P.A. Kislyakov et al.). RESULTS: In general, all sports values at an above-average level are important to the test-takers, however, the values of teamwork and solidarity are less in demand. Athletes are more likely to point to the examples of how they demonstrate help and support to others during competitive activities and workout training than examples of unsportsmanlike and aggressive behavior. At the same time, prosocial sports behavior is more often observed with respect to the teammates or the national team. The study results made it possible to establish correlations between the prosociality of athletes, the importance of moral standards, social sport values (respect for sports ethics, adherence to rules, teamwork, respect for oneself and for other participants of competitions, good manners and education, a sense of community and solidarity, health), psychological sport resistance and subjective well-being. At the same time, prosociality in sports is a predictor of psychological resistance and subjective well-being. Cluster analysis made it possible to identify four types of athletes according to the severity of the studied characteristics: "Athlete-Aggressor," "Athlete-Individualist," "Athlete-idealist," "Athlete-Moralist." CONCLUSIONS: Such criteria of the development of an athlete's personality as moral standards, social values, and prosocial sports behavior can be considered as a kind of internal resource that helps an athlete to gain sports identity and referent significance, to maintain psychological resistance during the competitive activities and workout training, and to ensure psychological well-being. The study contributes to a better understanding of the moral and psychological development of athletes.

Context and relevance. The article discusses and analyzes the features of the appearance in the modern Chinese language of the week terms division of time from the linguistic and cultural points of view. The analysis tool is a comparative analysis of the terms of the Old Chinese language Wenyan and modern Chinese Putonghua. Objective. An attempt is made to explain the designations of the seven-day weekly cycle, which has been preserved in use to this day. It is noted that in the ancient versions of the designation of the days of the week (namely, in the names of Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday) contains five primary elements of the universe in its eastern sense (namely, fire, water, wood, metal, earth). It is indicated that the listed primary elements form the most important cycles of the ancient Chinese worldview, alternating images in their different sequence. The cycle of creation, or generation, and the cycle of destruction, or suppression. Separately, the authors consider the complete coincidence of the semantic and mythological content of the five considered primary elements in the Chinese names of the planets. A comparative analysis of the terms of the weekly division of time is also carried out, both in Eastern languages - Chinese, Japanese, Korean - and some Indo-European languages - English, French, Spanish, Italian. Conclusions. General positions and trends in the formation of the week terms division of time are revealed and conclusions are drawn that clarify some issues related to this issue in each of the aforenamed languages.

This paper uses methods of systems analysis, modeling, and fuzzy logic to address the problem of assessing cyber risks at oil and gas enterprises. Fuzzy cognitive maps are used to formalize the cause-and-effect relationships between vulnerabilities, attack vectors, protective measures, and possible consequences. The application of fuzzy logic is also justified by the uncertainty inherent in technological processes in the context of cyber threats. This article proposes a fuzzy cognitive model in which the weight coefficients of the relationships are specified by experts based on a linguistic scale. The model's dynamics are described by a recurrent equation with a hyperbolic cosine as the activity function, ensuring smooth dynamics and normalization of values. Simulation results show that the fuzzy cognitive model allows comparison of scenarios of various cyber attacks, identification of connections that amplify the propagation of failures across infrastructure levels of an oil and gas enterprise, and evaluation of the effectiveness of protective measures. A generalized scheme for constructing a fuzzy cognitive map based on expert assessments is presented. The proposed model can be applied during the planning stage of countermeasures against cyber attacks at enterprises in the oil and gas industry.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of mediastinal germ cell tumor in a child with emphasis on the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and total resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The authors present a boy with primary mediastinal germ cell tumor. RESULTS:Treatment of a 17-year-old patient with stage IVA anterior mediastinal choriocarcinoma was followed by complete clinical and laboratory remission. Intensive induction polychemotherapy according to the MAKEI 2005 protocol led to significant tumor shrinkage (~85.5%) for subsequent en bloc resection of tumor and adjacent tissues. Postoperative period and final course of chemotherapy were uneventful; follow-up examinations showed normalization of tumor markers, favorable clinical status and no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION:This case demonstrates that comprehensive treatment, including induction chemotherapy and subsequent total resection, enables complete remission even in aggressive and advanced forms of mediastinal germ cell tumors in adolescents. This confirms high effectiveness of modern therapeutic approaches.