Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University

Improving our understanding of the effects of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) on raisin quality and yield is essential for developing innovative approaches in viticulture. However, knowledge about how N-GQDs applications during grape development and ripening stages influence raisin characteristics remains limited. We investigated the effects of three repeated treatments of 0 (Control), 0.10 and 0.25 g L⁻¹ N-GQDs on bunch and berry characteristics of raisins produced using traditional drying techniques from two cultivars: cv. Ekşi Kara (traditional, sun-dried) and cv. Gök Üzüm (shade-dried after dipping in a hot dipping solution). Cultivar genotype and N-GQDs concentration significantly influenced all measured parameters (p ≤ 0.05). Treatments were evaluated by analysing cluster and berry size, berry volume, skin thickness, °Brix, pH, titratable acidity (TA), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), color, pedicel separation force, skin deformation force, and raisin yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components explained 62.4

This study presents a statistically validated machine learning approach for predicting unmeasured optoelectronic responses at an Au/SiO2/n-Si semiconductor interface incorporating a graphene oxide (GO) and poly(3-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-2,5-thiophene) (P3C4MT) hybrid interfacial layer. Although GO–polymer hybrid interfaces exhibit promising photoactive properties, comprehensive experimental characterization of current–light intensity relationships is often constrained by the high cost and time demands associated with high-illumination measurements. The experimental dataset used for model training was obtained by measuring current–voltage characteristics at room temperature, with voltage varied from − 2 to + 2 V in 0.02 V increments under illumination intensities ranging from 20 to 100 mW/cm2 at 20 mW/cm2 intervals. Five ensemble and tree-based supervised regression models (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, LightGBM, HistGradientBoosting, and ExtraTrees) were employed using voltage and light intensity as input features to predict current responses at intermediate and extended illumination levels (10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 mW/cm2). Model performance was evaluated using R2, mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), with all models achieving high predictive accuracy (R2 > 0.99). Among them, the ExtraTrees regression model consistently produced the lowest prediction errors across all illumination conditions. To ensure statistical rigor, a two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of model type and illumination intensity, revealing statistically significant main and interaction effects (p < 0.001). Post hoc Tukey HSD analysis further confirmed the statistically superior performance of the ExtraTrees model. These results demonstrate that reliable interpolation and controlled extrapolation of optoelectronic behavior can be achieved using sparse experimental data, providing a cost-effective, scalable, and statistically robust methodology for the characterization and design of hybrid semiconductor interfaces in photonic, photovoltaic, and photosensor applications.

Sports tourism has become an important form of leisure consumption, shaped by increasing mobility and the diversification of sport-related travel experiences. Drawing on behavioral economics and mental accounting theory, this study examines pain of payment in sports tourism expenditures and explores cross-cultural differences between the United States and T & uuml;rkiye. Data were collected from 400 individuals who engage with sports as spectators, team members, or fans, and analyzed using Hayes' PROCESS macro (Version 4.0). The findings indicate that pain of payment differs significantly between the two countries, with participants from the United States reporting higher levels of payment-related discomfort. While sport context showed a non-significant interaction trend with country, payment method and expenditure purpose do not exhibit significant moderating effects. In contrast, total expenditure amount significantly moderates the relationship, as cross-national differences are more pronounced at lower and medium spending levels but diminish at higher expenditure levels. Overall, the results underscore the importance of cultural and psychological processes in shaping sports tourism spending beyond purely economic indicators.

Although considerable progress has been made in understanding cold hardiness mechanisms in grapevine, the extent to which post-sampling handling conditions influence the reliability of freezing tolerance measurements has received comparatively little attention. In this study, we compared bud and phloem tissue survival, water content, electrical conductivity, and carbohydrate status in three grapevine cultivars (‘Narince’, ‘Alphonse Lavallée’, and ‘Trakya İlkeren’) subjected to controlled freezing tests (-16 to -24°C) following two handling protocols: immediate controlled cold storage at + 4°C for one week, and direct field handling without controlled storage. Viability was assessed in primary, secondary, and tertiary buds as well as phloem tissue by cross-sectioning and electrolyte leakage. Both handling protocol and freezing temperature significantly affected all viability parameters. Controlled-storage samples consistently outperformed field-handled samples, with approximately 60

The development of effective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors remains a crucial objective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, a novel synthetic approach was established to prepare a series of diaryl-substituted tacrine derivatives. Initially, brominated aminobenzonitrile was subjected to Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with various aryl boronic acids to yielding diaryl-substituted aminobenzonitriles at yields of 60