Due to their widespread use in industry, several techniques have been proposed in the literature to fuzz REST APIs. Existing fuzzers for REST APIs have been focusing on detecting crashes (e.g., 500 HTTP server error status code). However, security vulnerabilities can have major drastic consequences on existing cloud infrastructures.In this paper, we propose a series of novel automated oracles aimed at detecting violations of access policies in REST APIs, as well as executing traditional attacks such as SQL Injection and XSS. These novel automated oracles can be integrated into existing fuzzers, in which, once the fuzzing session is completed, a “security testing” phase is executed to verify these oracles. When a security fault is detected, as output our technique is able to generate executable test cases in different formats, like Java, Kotlin, Python and JavaScript test suites.Our novel techniques are integrated as an extension of EvoMaster, a state-of-the-art open-source fuzzer for REST APIs. Experiments are carried out on 9 artificial examples, 8 vulnerable-by-design REST APIs with black-box testing, and 36 REST APIs from the WFD corpus with white-box testing, for a total of 52 distinct APIs. Results show that our novel oracles and their automated integration in a fuzzing process can lead to detecting security issues in several of these APIs.
The dual-fuel use of hydrogen in existing energy systems contributes to reduced emissions and improved combustion performance. In this study, the combustion characteristics of pure diesel and hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel mixtures were experimentally investigated in a model gas turbine combustion chamber. Experiments were conducted at a constant thermal power of 3 kW, with two equivalence ratios (phi = 0.85 and 1.0) and two swirl numbers (0.6 and 1.0). Flame images were quantitatively analyzed through RGB (red-green-blue) intensity changes using image processing. Hydrogen addition significantly affected flame structure, temperature distribution, and emissions. It enhanced flame stability and reactivity, increasing the temperature by 46.5 % under conditions of Sw = 0.6 and phi = 0.85. Finally, hydrogen addition resulted in 64-75 % reduction in NOx, up to 75 % reduction in CO, 77.66 % reduction in SO2, and a 29.4 % decrease in exhaust O2 concentration.
Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant hospital-acquired pathogen recognized for its antibiotic resistance and environmental durability. The present study investigates the genomic and metabolic characteristics of Turkish A. baumannii isolates (ST195 and novel sequence type) using whole-genome sequencing, comparative pathogenomics, and phenotypic assays. Genomic analyses demonstrated significant horizontal gene transfer, phage integration (Salmon_SSU5, Acinet_Bphi_B1251), and genomic islands enriched with resistance and virulence genes. ST195 (T3) exhibited meropenem susceptibility (MIC ≤ 0.125 µg/mL) despite harboring blaOXA-23, linked to adeN efflux regulator loss. In contrast, colistin resistance in T3 was correlated with putative lpxA/C/D mutations causing LPS deficiency. Virulence profiling identified conserved systems for adherence (OmpA), biofilm formation (bap, csuABCDE), and iron acquisition (acinetobactin), while capsule heterogeneity appeared to affect immune evasion. Metabolic reconstruction highlighted nitrogen and sulfur assimilation, as well as ethanol catabolism, which facilitate survival under host stress. Resistome analysis linked blaOXA-852, adeFGH, and armA to resistance against carbapenems and aminoglycosides, while transposase-mediated frameshift mutations accounted for amikacin susceptibility in T3 despite the presence of APH(3’)-VIa. The open pangenome (6,402 genes, 41.9
The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using microalgae provides a sustainable alternative to conventional physicochemical methods. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized from the cell-free supernatant of the freshwater microalga Mychonastes sp. B1 and characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS). The nanoparticles were predominantly spherical (15–55 nm), highly stable (ζ = − 42.8 mV), and appeared to be capped by extracellular polymeric substances. The biogenic AgNPs (GS-AgNPs) exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2.0 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 2.5 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited biofilm formation. Fibroblast viability remained at or above 80
This study examines the effects of the digital economy, the circular economy and their integration, referred to as the twin transition, on women's human capital, employment, and participation in decision-making in EU-27 countries over the period 2012-2020, using a fixed effects model, the generalized method of moments, and panel quantile regressions. The findings indicate that the digital economy significantly enhances women's human capital, particularly in the lower and middle quantiles, while the circular economy shows limited effects across quantiles and is mainly significant in the dynamic generalized method of moments specification. The twin transition produces the strongest and most consistent improvements in human capital, benefiting countries with initially lower levels the most. Regarding employment, both digital and circular economies have generally positive effects on women, whereas the twin transition demonstrates strong, stable, and significant impacts across almost all quantiles, highlighting the synergy of combining both transformations. In terms of decision-making participation, the individual effects of the digital and circular economies are weaker and less consistent, with notable positive impacts mostly in mid- to upper quantiles and in higher-performing countries. The twin transition, however, shows clear positive and statistically significant effects in the mid- to upper quantiles. Digitalization and circular economy efforts each help women's employment and skills, but together as a twin transition they have a stronger, more inclusive impact on women's human capital, labor outcomes, and leadership participation. These findings highlight that policy strategies supporting the twin transition should consider different levels of women's empowerment across countries. In contexts with lower empowerment levels, policies that expand women's access to education and digital skills can strengthen human capital accumulation. At middle and higher levels, promoting women's participation in green and digital sectors and supporting inclusive leadership opportunities may further enhance employment and decision-making participation.
