Karagandy State University (Kazakh: Қарағанды мемлекеттік университеті, Qarağandy memlekettık universitetı) named after E. A. Buketov is a university in Karagandy, Kazakhstan, founded in 1972.Karaganda State University is the second university in the history of Kazakhstan, and it is one of the largest universities in the country.KSU, being a classical university, has an important social and cultural mission. According to the traditions of classical universities, the university maintains high level and fundamental character of higher education. Karaganda State University is one of the leaders in education, science and culture of Kazakhstan. The prestige of Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov is confirmed by international cooperation. Different public universities, home and foreign institutes work as its partners..
The objective of this research is to identify challenges associated with adapting the regulatory mechanisms employed in common law jurisdictions for resolving corporate disputes to the specific legal framework of Kazakhstan. The methodological foundation of this study rests on technical, legal, and comparative legal approaches to analyze the fundamental principles underpinning legislative regulations in the realm of corporate (business) legal relations. This paper examines the practices employed in common law, civil law, and mixed legal systems for regulating relevant legal matters. Additionally, it explores the experience of non-common law countries in adopting elements of case law systems that are not native to their legal traditions. Against the backdrop of the ongoing convergence of legal systems, elements of case law are increasingly being integrated into the mechanisms of corporate dispute resolution in countries with civil and mixed legal systems (France and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)). In Kazakhstan, this process meets obstacles caused by the lack of a clear definition of corporate law. The application of common law procedures and elements in Kazakhstan remains a relatively niche phenomenon, primarily confined to the operations of the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) court.
В статье рассмотрены современные вызовы и проблемы, связанные с обеспечением эффективности системы государственного управления городским транспортным комплексом в условиях ускоренной урбанизации и роста численности населения в Казахстане. Проведён статистический анализ динамики пассажирооборота на примере Казахстана в целом и Карагандинской области. С использованием методов сравнительного и количественного анализа рассчитаны абсолютные изменения, темпы роста и среднегодовые темпы роста (CAGR), что позволило выявить устойчивую негативную динамику показателей, особенно в постпандемийный период. Показано, что основной спад пассажирооборота наблюдается в 2020 году, что обусловлено влиянием пандемии COVID-19, с последующим медленным восстановлением. Определены ключевые факторы, сдерживающие развитие городской транспортной системы: недостаточная институциональная координация, ограниченные финансовые ресурсы, слабая интеграция различных видов транспорта, низкий уровень цифровизации, а также отсутствие стратегического планирования на региональном уровне. На основе анализа международного опыта развития транспортных систем выявлены лучшие практики, адаптируемые для условий казахстанских городов. Проведён сопоставительный институционально-функциональный анализ, на основе которого разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию государственной политики в данной сфере. В качестве приоритетных направлений предложены: развитие цифровой инфраструктуры, внедрение интегрированных систем управления, усиление роли стратегического планирования, расширение практики государственно-частного партнёрства и повышение финансовой устойчивости транспортных проектов. Полученные результаты имеют практическое значение для разработки программ устойчивого развития городского транспорта, повышения качества жизни населения и обеспечения экономической активности в городах Казахстана. The article examines contemporary challenges and issues related to ensuring the effectiveness of public administration in the urban transport system under the conditions of rapid urbanization and population growth in Kazakhstan. A statistical analysis of passenger turnover dynamics is conducted, using Kazakhstan as a whole and the Karaganda region as case studies. Based on comparative and quantitative methods, absolute changes, growth rates, and compound annual growth rates (CAGR) were calculated, which revealed a persistent negative trend in indicators, particularly during the post-pandemic period. The analysis shows that the most significant decline in passenger turnover occurred in 2020, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a slow recovery. Key factors constraining the development of the urban transport system were identified: insufficient institutional coordination, limited financial resources, weak integration of different transport modes, a low level of digitalization, and the absence of strategic planning at the regional level. Based on an analysis of international experiences in transport system development, best practices adaptable to the context of Kazakhstani cities were identified. A comparative institutional and functional analysis was carried out, leading to the development of policy recommendations aimed at improving the public governance of urban transport. Priority areas include the development of digital infrastructure, the implementation of integrated management systems, strengthening the role of strategic planning, expanding the use of public-private partnerships, and enhancing the financial sustainability of transport projects. The findings have practical relevance for designing sustainable urban transport development programs, improving the quality of life for citizens, and supporting economic activity in Kazakhstan’s urban areas.
The article explores orthographic interference in the process of improving the normative tools of national writing. Orthographic interference is a linguistic phenomenon that arises from the interaction of different language systems, manifesting as deviations or violations of writing norms. The study analyzes changes and adaptations of linguistic norms and their impact on the writing skills of language learners. It focuses on identifying linguistic mechanisms to improve the national writing system by preventing and reducing orthographic interference. The study employs content analysis, comparative methods, and qualitative analysis. Over 60 students’ written works were examined to determine the frequency, typology, and causes of orthographic errors. The analysis identified common types of interlingual and intralingual interference. Interlingual interference results from the influence of Russian and English graphic, phonological, and morphological features, while intralingual interference arises from inadequate understanding of the phonetic and phonological foundations of the language. Content analysis identified the most frequent orthographic errors, with primary causes including insufficient mastery of spelling rules, differences between native and target language writing systems, and teaching method shortcomings. These errors serve as indicators of students’writing experience and language proficiency. The identified types of interference contribute to improving normative tools, assessing the effectiveness of educational programs and methodologies, standardizing orthographic norms, and enhancing writing culture in multilingual societies. The findings support the codification of Kazakh orthographic norms and the development of a scientific and methodological foundation for reducing linguistic interference.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is traditionally formulated in terms of executive function deficiencies and impaired attention regulation. However, recent research shows that emotional dysregulation is a central rather than peripheral feature of NGBS, especially during adolescence, when emotional demands increase. This theoretical paper is an integrated model that studies the two-way relationship between NGB symptoms and difficulties in emotional regulation in adolescents. Through a systematic review and theoretical synthesis of neurobiological, developmental, and clinical studies, we propose a rationale that positions emotional regulation as a transdiagnostic process that influences the underlying symptoms of NGD and which they affect. The proposed model reflects the common neurobiological substrates, developmental trajectories, and psychosocial effects that contribute to this intersection. In addition, we explore the implications of this theoretical integration for clinical assessment, intervention design, and future areas of research. This rationale contradicts the traditional symptom-based concept of ADHD and suggests that addressing emotional regulation may be crucial for comprehensive treatment approaches at a critical stage of adolescent development.
