University of Kassala (in Arabic جامعة كسلا, Jām'iat Kassala).A public university located in Kassala, Sudan, one of the Sudanese universities established to provide higher education services to the people of eastern Sudan in the field of engineering, medicine, education, computer science, economy, accounting and management. The university was established by Republican Decree No. (67), according to which the University of the East was divided into three universities: University of Kassala , University of Gadarif and Red Sea University.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impacts motor functions. Despite advances in diagnostic imaging, accurately diagnosing and understanding PD remains challenging. Local field potentials (LFPs), which represent the collective electrical activity of neuron populations, can provide insights into the pathophysiology of PD, particularly in symptoms such as tremors, dystonia, gait disturbances, sleep disorders, and cognitive dysfunction. Tremors, a hallmark symptom of PD, have been closely studied through LFPs recorded from the subthalamic nucleus (STN). LFPs have revealed abnormal oscillatory activity linked to tremor generation and have been used to enhance deep brain stimulation (DBS) outcomes. Similarly, dystonia and gait disturbances in PD have been associated with specific LFP patterns, offering potential biomarkers for treatment modulation. In the context of sleep disorders, studies have demonstrated that LFPs can accurately classify sleep stages in PD patients, suggesting a role for LFP-guided closed-loop DBS systems in improving sleep quality. Furthermore, cognitive deficits in PD have been examined through LFP recordings during tasks that involve motivational incentives, revealing alterations in theta oscillations associated with cognitive processing. This comprehensive review highlights the diverse applications of LFPs in understanding and managing PD symptoms, emphasizing their potential in personalized medicine, while also pointing to key future directions, such as expanding datasets, refining machine learning models for LFP analysis, and investigating the long-term stability and efficacy of LFP-guided therapies.
في ظل تصاعد التحولات الرقمية وتنامي المخاطر السيبرانية، باتت أدوات المراجعة التقليدية غير كافية لضمان مصداقية المعلومات المالية. وتهدف الدراسة إلى اختبار إدراك المراجعين لأهمية المراجعة القائمة على المخاطر الرقمية وأثرها في تعزيز مصداقية المعلومات المالية. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي، والمنهج الاستنباطي، كما تمّ اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال الدراسة الميدانية، حيث بلغ حجم العينة 100 استبانة استردت منها 94 وتم استخدام التحليل الإحصائي SPSS واستخدم في ذلك تحليل ANOVA وتحليل الانحدار البسيط للمربعات الصغرى. توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج أبرزها؛ تشير نتائج التحليل الإحصائي إلى أنّ المراجعين مدركين لأهمية المراجعة القائمة على المخاطر الرقمية وأنّ لها تأثير على تعزيز مصداقية المعلومات المالية، حيث بلغت قيمة F 75.233 بمستوى معنوية 0.00 وهي أقل من 0.05 مما يؤكد مواجهة المراجعين لصعوبات عند تقييم المخاطر السيبرانية التي تهدد دقة المعلومات المالية أي أن النموذج معنوي من الناحية الإحصائية. ، كذلك فيما يتعلّق بالصعوبات التي يواجهها المراجعين عند تقييم مخاطر الاحتيال الإلكتروني حيث بلغت قيمة F 45.14 عند مستوى معنوية 0.00 وهي أقل من 0.05 مما يعني وجود علاقة إحصائية دالة وتؤكّد إدراك المراجعين لعدم جدوى المراجعة التقليدية في اكتشافه. أوصت الدراسة بالعديد من التوصيات أبرزها؛ على المراجعين الاهتمام بتقييم المخاطر الناتجة عن استخدام التكنولوجيا، ضرورة تدريب المراجعين على أساليب اكتشاف الاحتيال الإلكتروني، الحاجة إلى تطوير أدوات وتقنيات جديدة لمواجهة التهديدات الرقمية المتزايدة.
Introduction Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical emergency, most frequently caused by postoperative adhesions. In patients with a “virgin abdomen,” defined as no prior abdominal surgery, trauma, or radiation, the aetiology is less predictable and often raises concerns for malignancy or internal hernia. Abdominal tuberculosis (ATB), particularly the fibrotic-fixed subtype, is a rare but important cause of adhesive SOB and may present with nonspecific clinical and radiological findings. Case Presentation We report the case of a 45-year-old Sudanese male with a history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis who presented with a 7-day history of colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and constipation. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia and localized abdominal tenderness without surgical scars. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography suggested small bowel intussusception without ascites. Conservative management failed, prompting an exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperatively, multiple dense fibrotic adhesions and constricting bands involving the distal ileum were identified in a virgin abdomen. Adhesiolysis was performed, and a mesenteric lymph node biopsy was obtained. Histopathology demonstrated caseating granulomatous inflammation consistent with tuberculosis. The patient was commenced on anti-tubercular therapy and had an uneventful recovery. Conclusions Fibrotic abdominal tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adhesive SBO in patients with a virgin abdomen, particularly in endemic regions. Radiologic findings may be misleading, and definitive diagnosis often requires histopathological confirmation. Early surgical intervention combined with anti-tubercular therapy leads to favorable outcomes.
Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a significant postoperative complication following gastrointestinal surgery. Hypoalbuminemia has been proposed as a potential risk factor, but the strength of this association remains unclear. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the relationship between preoperative serum albumin levels and SSI risk in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception through November 2025. Studies were eligible if they examined the association between serum albumin and SSI in adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, measured preoperative serum albumin levels, and reported SSI as an outcome. Two separate analyses were performed: odds ratios (OR) comparing hypoalbuminemia versus normal albumin groups, and standardized mean differences (SMD) comparing albumin levels between patients with and without SSI. Twenty-three studies, involving 681,181 patients, were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that hypoalbuminemia significantly increased SSI risk (OR 2.37, 95
ABSTRACT Background and Aims Urinary schistosomiasis has remained one of the most important public health issues in Sudan, especially in regions like Gezira State, which relies on irrigation schemes. Despite control activities, morbidity from schistosomiasis in these regions remains a challenge, therefore updated prevalence data are important for proper planning of control strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated socio‐demographic and behavioral risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among individuals attending healthcare facilities in Al Managil, Gezira State, Sudan. Methods A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in Al‐Managil city, Gezira State, from August 2022 to June 2023. A total of 212 participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Urine examination was performed microscopically for the presence of eggs of Schistosoma haematobium. Data on socio‐demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The Chi‐square test was used to assess associations between urinary schistosomiasis and its risk factors. p‐value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 29.7% (63/212). The prevalence was significantly higher among males and rural residents, individuals with low educational level, and farmers (p < 0.05). Proximity to water source, use of non‐sanitary toilets, bathing, swimming in water, and water contact were also significantly associated with urinary schistosomiasis (p < 0.05). Significant associations between urinary schistosomiasis and its symptoms, like hematuria, dysuria, frequency, itching, and urticaria, were also found. Urinary schistosomiasis was not significantly associated with other factors like age, fever, and weight loss. Conclusion Urinary schistosomiasis transmission still persists in Al Managil city despite the ongoing control efforts. Male gender, rural residence, poor sanitary conditions, and unsafe behavior concerning water sources have shown to be the significant risk factors for the transmission of the disease. Health education, sanitary conditions, and unsafe water sources need to be addressed to reinforce the continued efforts for the control of the disease.
