The Kazakh National Agrarian University (Kazakh: Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті) is a leading university in Almaty, Kazakhstan that trains specialists for agriculture.
The relevance of the research topic stated is due to the importance of conducting economic research in the field of agriculture, aimed at studying the main peculiarities of constructing an economic model of forestry development. The purpose of scientific study is to conduct research into the basic aspects of constructing a model of forestry's impact on the economic system of a particular state, as well as to study the basic aspects of the forestry system's functioning in the general economic system of the state, taking into account the current realities. The methodological approach of this study is based on a systematic analysis of the main aspects of conducting economic research on the role of forestry in the life of a particular country, combined with an analytical study of the specific features of the role and importance of forestry in the economy, as well as the overall influence of forestry on the country's economy. The research model of the role of forestry in the national economy is based on the example of the development of forestry in Kazakhstan. The main results obtained in the course of this study should be considered the role of the forestry sector in the economy of a single state and the assessment of the main trends and prospects for the development of the sector within the country as a whole. The results and conclusions of this scientific paper are of great significance for the workers of the forestry system, whose responsibility is to ensure the viability of the sector and its functioning in the overall economic system of the country.
The healthy synergistic development of the Food-Water-Energy-Ecosystem (FWEE) nexus is crucial for maintaining basin ecological security and economic growth. However, achieving synergistic FWEE development within inland river basins remains a significant challenge to attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Therefore, this study proposes an integrated analytical framework designed for the synergistic management of multiple FWEE-related SDGs. Using the Aral Sea Basin as a case study, it develops models for each relevant SDGs and designs twenty-seven scenarios. These scenarios vary in water resource availability, food demand, and irrigation efficiency. A bi-level fuzzy multi-objective programming approach is applied to manage the interlinkages between different SDGs. The results show that (1) agricultural irrigation efficiency significantly impacts overall system benefits. As irrigation efficiency improves, the amount of water allocated to the ecological sector increases significantly. Hence, expanding drip irrigation coverage or enhancing water conservancy facilities is crucial for the basin’s sustainable development. (2) Optimizing the planting structure of wheat and maize can further help reduce water use in agriculture. (3) The power sector has low water use but provides significant system benefits for each unit of water. Therefore, stronger cooperation among upstream and downstream countries is crucial to secure water for power generation. These findings improve policymakers’ understanding of the connections between SDGs objectives within the FWEE nexus and offer solutions for promoting sustainable development.
The work aimed at studying the behavior of introduced and domestic grape varieties in the conditions of Southeastern Kazakhstan. The biological characteristics, disease resistance, winter hardiness, and ripening periods were evaluated. Based on the results of long-term observations, promising varieties were identified and recommended for industrial cultivation in the foothill and lowland regions of the region. A comparative study of introduced foreign grape varieties and domestic breeding forms was conducted to assess their agrobiological characteristics and resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. It has been established that some local varieties are more resistant and productive than their introduced counterparts, which confirms the feasibility of their further zoning and implementation. The study provides a comparative analysis of the introduced and domestic grape varieties for the period 2022-2024 in the ecological and climatic conditions of the Saryagash District of the Turkestan Region in the regional branch of Saryagash and the Talgar District of the Almaty Region in the regional branch of Talgar. As a result of the conducted yield studies, grape varieties and hybrid forms KV-2/9 (8.5 kg), DV-10/11 (7.8 kg), Azim (8.0 kg), DV-7/17 (8.0 kg), Aisulu (7.7 kg), Mereitoy-50 (7.3 kg) were isolated from the bush. The lowest yield was noted in grape varieties and hybrid Hungarian muscat (st; 4.7 kg), Goat carcass (4.4 kg), DX-17/90 (4.4 kg), KII-1/29 (4.8 kg). In the course of the molecular genetic analysis of the Kazakhstani varieties and hybrids of grapes, samples were identified that have resistant alleles to the main fungal diseases: powdery (Oidium) and downy mildew (mildew). Markers to the loci Run1, Ren1, Rpv3, Rpv10 and Rpv12 were used. According to the results of the study, six genotypes were identified (including the reference varieties Muscat Hungarian, Tayfi Pink, Zhemchug Saba, and hybrids DV-10/11, KII-1/29, and KV-2/9), which have complex resistance at several loci. These forms are of significant interest for use in breeding programs to create resistant grape varieties.
Safe and efficient development of mineral deposits by underground method, occurring at great depths, is complicated by the fact that with an increase in the depth of mining, the nature of the course of deformation processes in the rock mass and the degree of their impact on the environment change significantly. Studies of deformation processes, their control and forecast in many cases determine the efficiency and safety of the development of deposits of solid minerals. A practical forecast can be made as a result of continuous tracking in space and time of deformation processes. This article presents modern satellite radars and their main characteristics. The features of the radar interferometry method are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of interferometric processing of radar images are considered. The experience of using space radar for monitoring mineral deposits in the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed. The question was raised about the possibility of intensifying the use of radar interferometry in the mining industry. Regular field observations are provided throughout the mining site, including hard-to-reach and dangerous areas, regardless of weather conditions. It is confirmed that the use of the radar interferometry method determines the displacement of the earth's surface with high accuracy. When using this method, data is received and processed remotely and generally does not require presence on the site. In addition, this article provides examples of successful application of the radar interferometry method in foreign countries at mining and oil facilities. Also, the use of radar interferometry allows you to quickly determine the zones of possible deformations of the earth's surface and organize high-precision surveying and geodetic observations in these zones. In this article, radar interferometry has been used to monitor the surface movement of the Annensky field with high accuracy since 2016 using Sentinel radar images, and as a result, a displacement map of the earth's surface has been generated.
Microparticles (MPs) serve as critical mediators of intercellular communication by shuttling bioactive molecules, holding significant potential for clinical diagnostics and next-generation vaccine development. Brucella, an intracellular pathogen responsible for severe zoonosis, evades host immunity through persistent infection; however, the role of Brucella-induced MPs in modulating adaptive immunity remains poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrate that the infection of RAW264.7 macrophages with the attenuated Brucella melitensis strain M5 triggers robust MP release. These MPs enhance host defense by promoting bacterial clearance and restricting intracellular survival. In murine models, MPs elicit potent Th1-polarized immunity, characterized by elevated IgG2a titers and increased IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, MPs derived from M5-infected macrophages activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), augmenting the secretion of IL-12 and TNF-α. Critically, MPs prime cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) through both direct and indirect pathways, resulting in the specific lysis of Brucella-infected targets. Collectively, Brucella-induced MPs function as integrated immunogenic units that bridge innate recognition with adaptive effector responses, unveiling a novel host-pathogen interaction axis and advancing MPs-based strategies against brucellosis.
