Large-scale airspace disruptions can reorganize civil aviation traffic far beyond the directly affected airspace, yet their operational consequences are difficult to characterize using traffic volume alone. This study examines the 28 February 2026 Middle East airspace disruption to understand the operational conditions within neighboring sectors by analyzing traffic observations in a period of about two weeks time around the event. It first establishes a multi-scale empirical picture of the disruption, from intercontinental route detours to corridor redistribution across the Middle East and traffic changes within the neighboring Jeddah Flight Information Region. Building on this evidence, a trajectory-computable framework is developed to identify temporal changes in regional traffic structure and characterize sector-level operational responses. The results show that the regional traffic structure departs rapidly from its baseline configuration during the initial disruption period and subsequently settles into a distinct and comparatively stable post-event regime with limited day-to-day variation. Within the Jeddah Flight Information Region, the redistribution is spatially uneven. Northeastern sectors largely lose their former transit function, while southeastern sectors increasingly absorb traffic associated with the southern alternative routing structure. Detailed analysis of a representative southeastern sector further shows that this changing role is not captured by traffic volume alone. Although instantaneous occupancy and weekly throughput remain broadly comparable with baseline levels, boundary-crossing activity becomes more spatially distributed, some crossing bands assume different downstream directional roles, trajectories become less direct and more maneuver-intensive, and locally proximate traffic interactions shift spatially.These findings show that major airspace disruptions are better understood as structural reorganizations of traffic rather than simple regional traffic losses, providing empirical insight into the operational challenges that air traffic management may face as traffic patterns reorganize after a disruption.
Power systems are being reshaped by decarbonization, digitalization, and high shares of renewables. At the same time, increasingly severe extreme conditions expose the limits of traditional reliability frameworks, calling for risk-aware, resilience-oriented approaches to address high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of the foundations of power system resilience. It revisits the transition from reliability to resilience, formalizes key concepts and metrics, and introduces advanced approaches for resilience assessment, including fragility-based modeling, cascading failure analysis, and tail-risk indicators. The paper further examines resilience-oriented investment planning, operational strategies across all event phases, and the role of distributed energy resources, microgrids, and cybersecurity. The analysis highlights that resilience extends reliability by focusing on extreme conditions, fundamentally reshaping decision-making and requiring coordinated strategies across infrastructure, operation, and governance.
We introduce SANA-Video, a small diffusion model that can efficiently generate videos up to 720×1280 resolution and minute-length duration. SANA-Video synthesizes high-resolution, high-quality and long videos with strong text-video alignment at a remarkably fast speed, deployable on RTX 5090 GPU. Two core designs ensure our efficient, effective and long video generation: (1) Linear DiT: We leverage linear attention as the core operation, which is more efficient than vanilla attention given the large number of tokens processed in video generation. (2) Constant-Memory KV cache for Block Linear Attention: we design block-wise autoregressive approach for long video generation by employing a constant-memory state, derived from the cumulative properties of linear attention. This KV cache provides the Linear DiT with global context at a fixed memory cost, eliminating the need for a traditional KV cache and enabling efficient, minute-long video generation. In addition, we explore effective data filters and model training strategies, narrowing the training cost to 12 days on 64 H100 GPUs, which is only 1\% of the cost of MovieGen. Given its low cost, SANA-Video achieves competitive performance compared to modern state-of-the-art small diffusion models (e.g., Wan 2.1-1.3B and SkyReel-V2-1.3B) while being 16x faster in measured latency. Moreover, SANA-Video can be deployed on RTX 5090 GPUs with NVFP4 precision, accelerating the inference speed of generating a 5-second 720p video from 71s to 29s (2.4x} speedup). In summary, SANA-Video enables low-cost, high-quality video generation. Code and model will be publicly released.
Developing high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) with low-cost, bio-waste derived electrode materials that possess high specific capacitance (Csp) with maintaining high Energy density (Ed) is highly desirable and remains a major challenge. Herein, we report an Boron, Sulphur doped carbon quantum dots (zero-dimensional nanomaterial (B, S-CQDs)) from the bark of Eucalyptus via hydrothermal method due to excellent electrochemical properties of CQDs. Herein, both experimental and theoretical findings, show that the heteroatom doping successfully promotes the Csp compared to undoped CQDs. As a consequence, the B, S-CQDs demonstrate a high Csp of 405.6 F g− 1 at 0.01 Vs− 1 and 185.6 F g− 1 at 0.05 Vs− 1, revealing excellent electrochemical performance. Along with the B, S-CQDs derived electrode demonstrates superb coulombic efficiency with only 0.9
Mass coral bleaching events, driven by increasingly frequent and intense marine heatwaves, pose a growing threat to coral reefs. While declines in reef fish populations are often associated with bleaching-induced coral mortality, physiological mechanisms underpinning these declines remain poorly understood. We investigated hormonal and energetic responses in three Pomacentrus species with varying dependency on live corals on the northern Great Barrier Reef prior to (2021 and 2023) and during (2024) the Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event. Baseline cortisol and lipid levels (proxies for stress and energy stores, respectively) were measured alongside fine-scale benthic surveys that quantified local habitat composition and the severity of coral bleaching. The obligate coral dweller P. moluccensis exhibited significantly elevated baseline cortisol during the 2024 bleaching event, with concentrations 2.2-fold higher than in 2023, and cortisol concentration positively related to local bleaching severity. Similarly, the rubble-associated P. chrysurus displayed elevated cortisol during the bleaching event, with concentrations 1.9-fold higher than in 2023, although cortisol levels were unrelated to bleaching extent. In contrast, the facultative coral-dwelling P. amboinensis showed no change in baseline cortisol concentration across sampling points or with bleaching extent. Lipid content increased across all three species from 2021 to 2023, with a further significant rise in P. moluccensis during bleaching, that may reflect stress-induced metabolic shifts and/or opportunistic feeding on organic matter from bleached corals. Collectively, these results highlight species-specific physiological responses to bleaching, shaped by coral dependence, and provide a mechanistic insight into differential vulnerability of reef fishes to climate-driven disturbance.
