Process analytical technology (PAT) is a mechanism to design, analyze, and control pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through the measurement of critical process parameters (CPP) which affect critical quality attributes (CQA). Performing in-process measurement and control of the freeze-drying process ensures product quality and process efficiency. This chapter will investigate several PAT methods for improving both freezing and primary drying using a small bath of product, for example, 7–37 vials. The process analytical technologies include a heat flux sensor, controlled nucleation, and closed-loop product temperature control. A heat flux sensor enables measurement and control of the critical process parameters, including vial thermal conductivity (Kv), cake resistance (Rp), heat and mass flow, and significant process events. One unique feature of heat flux is the ability to measure and identify events that occur during the freezing process.
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen GesellschaftVolume 21, Issue 9 p. 1077-1078 FORUM Journal-Club Prof. Dr. Thomas Herzinger, Prof. Dr. Thomas Herzinger Kingston, KanadaSearch for more papers by this author Prof. Dr. Thomas Herzinger, Prof. Dr. Thomas Herzinger Kingston, KanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 September 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.15220_gRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume21, Issue9September 2023Pages 1077-1078 RelatedInformation
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen GesellschaftVolume 20, Issue 9 p. 1271-1271 Journal-Club Journal-Club Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Herzinger, Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Herzinger Kingston, KanadaSearch for more papers by this author Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Herzinger, Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Herzinger Kingston, KanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 September 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.14873_gRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume20, Issue9September 2022Pages 1271-1271 RelatedInformation
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen GesellschaftVolume 19, Issue 3 p. 495-495 Journal-Club Journal-Club Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Herzinger, Kingston, KanadaSearch for more papers by this author Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Herzinger, Kingston, KanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.14467_gRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue3March 2021Pages 495-495 RelatedInformation
