In the context of luxury fashion stores, this study investigates the mediating role of the dimensions of store coolness (extraordinary, subcultural, iconic, and high status) in linking service quality of employees, store display, and store creativity with customers' behavioral intention and positive word-of-mouth (WOM). Additionally, the study examines whether price consciousness moderates any of these relationships. To gain a deeper understanding of how coolness is perceived in luxury fashion stores, we collected customer insights through interviews with 16 frequent store visitors. We then tested our proposed model using a survey administered to shoppers immediately after they visited luxury stores (N = 213). Our results indicate that the extraordinary and subcultural dimensions of coolness positively mediate the effects of store display and creativity on behavioral intention and positive WOM. However, the iconic dimension did not play a mediating role, while the high status dimension negatively mediated these paths, including those involving service quality. Finally, we found that price consciousness weakens the path from store creativity to the studied outcomes via the extraordinary dimension. Building on these findings, we provide managerial insights for designing luxury fashion store experiences that foster store coolness and positive customer responses.
Understanding temporal patterns is essential for exploring dynamic processes and predicting trends in criminological research. However, a major challenge lies in identifying the coexistence of multiple temporal patterns within criminal processes, which are often influenced by temporal scale and the Modifiable Temporal Duration Problem (MTDP). Existing studies primarily focus on a single temporal pattern, often failing to identify and compare multiple temporal patterns in crime activity. This study proposes a novel data model that converts time into a categorical variable to mitigate the influence of temporal scale. Building on this data model, we develop an innovative method, Time-Constrained Geographically Weighted Co-location Quotient (TC-GWCLQ), to identify and compare both periodic and temporal association patterns in crime incidents. Using crime incident data from Greater Manchester collected between 2014 and 2018, we empirically demonstrate the method's capability to uncover multiple coexisting temporal patterns in theft-from-the-person crime. The results reveal that, in June 2016, periodic association exerted a stronger influence than temporal association. Spatial clustering of these patterns further reveals pronounced spatial heterogeneity across urban areas, indicating that the temporal effects on crime vary across different locations and temporal scales. The proposed TC-GWCLQ framework not only advances the analysis of temporal crime patterns but also provides a scalable exploratory tool for large geospatial datasets, supporting deeper insights into spatiotemporal behaviour in criminology and related disciplines.
The continuous progress and distinct capabilities have led the Internet of Drones (IoD) to be a persuasive paradigm that offers promising advantages across various applications, spanning from defense to civilian uses. Despite its manifold benefits, it is essential to highlight that it also faces several challenges, and security remains a critical concern that can hold back its widespread adoption. Stringent authentication mechanism design has appeared as one of the favorable techniques for tackling distinct security attacks in IoD networks. This survey presents a detailed review of existing literature, focusing on authentication protocols explicitly designed for securing communication in IoD networks. Recognising the growing complexity and diversity of communication, we present a novel multi-layered taxonomy that offers a comprehensive roadmap for classifying authentication mechanisms across the IoD stack. The presented taxonomy interactively maps each authentication technique to its system roles, cryptographic foundations, and operational context within the IoD network to demonstrate a more holistic understanding of prevalent authentication mechanisms. Drawing from our presented taxonomy, we highlight the compelling contributions and acknowledge the potential limitations of the recent literature. We compare the security and resistance to common attacks of prevalent protocols while highlighting their advantages and limitations. Based on the security analysis, we shortlist protocols for full-scale implementation that exhibit the highest security coverage. We then present a detailed experimental analysis of these selected protocols against various metrics (i.e., CPU execution time, memory consumption, etc.) using a Holybro QAV250 quadcopter drone-based testbed setup. Finally, we discuss future challenges that require joint efforts from academia and industry.
The Climate Adaptation Reporting Power (ARP) established adaptation reporting requirements for critical national infrastructure in the United Kingdom to inform the 5-yearly UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA). This paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of the reports submitted by ten airports across the four ARP rounds to date (ARP1- ARP4, 2011-2024). Classifying over 900 reported risks, it provides the first complete synthesis of the climate risks and adaptation actions reported by the airports and the first complete mapping of airport climate risks since the second UK CCRA in 2017. Findings demonstrate that the initial mandatory round catalysed engagement: all airports embedded climate risks into corporate risk registers, identified adaptation actions, and nine established monitoring processes. Subsequent voluntary rounds show sustained participation and improved reporting quality, although inconsistencies in timeframes, climate scenarios, and risk classifications hinder comparability. Four recommendations for the ARP fifth round are identified: (1) provide clear templates and guidance identifying what good-quality reports should contain; (2) adopt sector-specific risk classifications to support network-level comparability; (3) broaden reporting to a wider set of UK airports, particularly smaller regional and local airports; (4) consider a mandatory approach to ensure thorough identification of climate risks, adaptation actions and gaps, and interdependencies. The study demonstrates the clear value of regulatory mandates in driving climate adaptation at airports and highlights lessons for other countries considering similar initiatives: the need for strong support and guidance, and early standardisation of inputs such as timeframes, climate scenarios, and risk categories. Adopting comparable measures internationally would strengthen resilience across the global aviation network.
Belief in conspiracy theories represents a common and potentially rigid belief system that may be influenced by perceived social consensus. It remains unclear whether perceived social norms predict changes in personal conspiracy belief, or whether such associations reflect projection processes whereby individuals infer consensus from their own views. In a two-wave study of UK adults (N = 1430) conducted six weeks apart, we examined whether perceived conspiracy belief norms prospectively predicted residualised change in conspiracy belief. Hierarchical regression analyses controlled for baseline belief levels and demographic covariates, and reciprocal analyses tested whether beliefs predicted subsequent norm perceptions. Parallel analyses were conducted for paranormal beliefs as a secondary test of domain generality. Conspiracy beliefs demonstrated high temporal stability. However, perceived conspiracy norms at Time 1 predicted increases in conspiracy beliefs at Time 2, even after accounting for baseline beliefs. Reciprocal effects were observed but were smaller in magnitude. Normative effects for paranormal beliefs were substantially weaker. These findings suggest that even relatively stable belief systems remain partially responsive to perceived social consensus, highlighting the potential value of normative feedback interventions aimed at correcting exaggerated perceptions of conspiratorial consensus.
