Krishnagar Government College, established in 1846, is the oldest college in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal . It offers undergraduate courses in arts and sciences and also some postgraduate courses. At first the college was under the affiliation of University of Calcutta. Presently it is affiliated to University of Kalyani (KU), National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and University Grant Commission (UGC).
A series of bifunctionalized styrene molecules have been prepared by dithiocarbamylation of alkynyl bromides under catalyst and additive free condition. Freshly prepared dithiocarbamic acid reacts with alkynyl bromide under metal‐free condition following a concerted process to produce alkynyl‐dithiocarbamate intermediate as revealed from computational studies of the mechanism. Concerted nucleophilic substitution at C(sp)‐center occurs through a 3‐atom centered transition state. Neighboring‐group‐assisted addition of dithiocarbamic acid to the alkynyl‐dithiocarbamate intermediate furnishes stereoselectively Z‐styrenyl‐1,2‐bis dithiocarbamate compounds. The protocol is tested on gram‐scale synthesis and explored on substrates containing bioactive moieties.
Riverine islands (chars) are highly dynamic geomorphological entities that are formed through net erosion-accretion, creating environments of both opportunity and vulnerability. This study investigates a major tropical river island created by the Ganga River, India, to explore how geomorphological evolution interacts with settlement phases (initiation, growth, de-settlement and re-settlement), social structures and processes. Multi-temporal satellite image analysis (1990–2025) and field-based socio-economic surveys (2017–2025) show that Nirmal Char changed dramatically, largely due to continuous floods and erosion. This instability directly leads to fragile livelihoods, precarious land tenure, and repeated displacement of households. Fertile alluvial soils sustain agriculture, but repeated flooding and bank erosion erode both physical resources and social resilience. Most households live in temporary or semi-permanent settlements, reflecting the precariousness of life in a flood-prone landscape. Social structures—family systems, marriage patterns, education, and government’s role—are profoundly affected by these hazards, with recurrent floods exacerbating poverty, delaying marriage, encouraging migration, and reducing opportunities for social mobility. At the level of social processes, the study finds contrasting patterns: intrapersonal, intra-individual, group, and intergroup processes are often characterized by empathy, cooperation, and mutual assistance during times of crisis, while competition, land conflicts, and power struggles also affect the social process. Thus, flooding and erosion act not only as ecological drivers of geomorphological change but also as regulators of community organization, resilience, and conflict. By revealing how geomorphological instability regulates social life, it provides important insights for disaster risk reduction, flood control, and sustainable development in fragile river environments. Thus, the insights of the present study would be helpful not only for the study region, but also for similar tropical regions at global scale.
Visual impairment (VI) and cognitive impairment (CI) are growing public health challenges among older adults, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. This study examined the association between objectively measured near and distance VI and cognitive performance using data from 27,521 individuals aged 60 and above from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave I (2017-18). Cognitive function was assessed across five domains, and vision was evaluated using standardized visual acuity tests. Survey-weighted linear regression analyses revealed a significant, independent, and dose-response association between both near and distance VI and lower cognitive scores across all domains. These associations remained robust after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. The findings highlight the potential of addressing vision impairment as a modifiable risk factor to mitigate cognitive decline and dementia among India's aging population.
Homestay tourism in hilly areas has arisen as a sustainable alternative to conventional tourist, prioritizing cultural immersion and the enhancement of local economies. This study assesses the viability of Homestay tourist locations in the Himalayan region, namely the Kalimpong district in India, employing the CRITIC-PROMETHEE-GAIA methodology. The research employs multicriteria decision-making methodologies to evaluate essential elements including physical accessibility, infrastructure, social dynamics, and environmental sustainability at twelve homestay locations. The research identified 15 indicators affecting tourism potential in Kalimpong, classified into advantageous and disadvantageous attributes. Kolakham obtained the highest score among homestays owing to its exceptional performance in accessibility, accommodation, and resource availability, whereas Rocky Island received the lowest grade. PROMETHEE I and II investigations identified clusters of sites with middling performance, including Kaffergaon, Charkhole, and Ramdhura. Environmental factors (P1-P3) and infrastructure (I1-I6) significantly influenced rankings. Sensitivity and GAIA analysis indicated trade-offs among criteria, with Kolakham exhibiting alignment with important utilities. Poor economic indicators inhibited sites like Rocky Island and Durpindara, underlining the need for focused infrastructure, social services, and sustainable economic development measures. Management strategies should focus on building infrastructure, boosting social entrepreneurship, and expanding market access to support sustainable livelihoods (SDG 8). Enhancing community resilience via social services (SDG 11), mitigating pollution (SDG 13), and conserving natural landscapes (SDG 15) are imperative. Sitespecific interventions targeting economic, social, and environmental dimensions can ensure inclusive and balanced growth aligned with SDG goals.
