Constructive heuristics constitute fundamental polynomial-time algorithms that systematically generate feasible solutions to NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems through incremental component assembly. This comprehensive systematic review analyzes 320 peer-reviewed articles published between January 2014 and June 2025, employing PRISMA methodology to provide the first cross-domain analysis of constructive heuristics across transportation, scheduling, and timetabling domains. Our analysis reveals pronounced research asymmetry: scheduling dominates with 282 papers (88.13
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a serious sporting injury associated with impaired performance, high recurrence rates, early-onset knee osteoarthritis and substantial health and economic burden. In Australia, ACL injury incidence has increased over the past two decades, with particularly high rates observed among female and adolescent athletes participating in cutting and landing sports. Neuromuscular and structured warm-up programs can reduce ACL injury risk; however, implementation and adherence remain inconsistent, and evidence for effectiveness in males, elite athletes and several high-risk sports is unclear. Practitioners, therefore, require clear, evidence-based guidance to prescribe effective prevention strategies across diverse populations. This position statement provides contemporary, evidence-informed recommendations to guide exercise prescription for ACL injury prevention by (1) critically evaluating the effect of existing exercise interventions on ACL injury incidence, and (2) synthesising evidence on intrinsic risk factors and mechanistic pathways for non-contact ACL injury to inform targeted training strategies. Two systematic literature searches were conducted in Scopus, Embase and PubMed. The first identified randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and cohort studies evaluating the effect of exercise-based interventions on ACL injury incidence. The second identified prospective studies examining intrinsic risk factors for non-contact ACL injury. Evidence on ACL injury aetiology was synthesised by integrating injury risk factors, video analyses of injury events, in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies and in silico biomechanical modelling. We propose a tiered framework for exercise prescription. Tier 1 strategies emphasise population-level neuromuscular and structured warm-up programs, which meta-analyses indicate can reduce ACL injury risk by approximately 60
ABSTRACT Functional trait expression is a potentially powerful predictor of invasion success, but the reliability of trait‐based predictions across populations depends on the consistency of genetic architecture. We tested this assumption using common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), an annual plant native to North America that has invaded Europe and Australia. Using genome‐wide markers (158,652 SNPs) and five functional traits measured in a common garden, we characterised trait correlations, genetic architecture, evolutionary potential, and the transferability of genomic prediction (GP) models across the native and invasive ranges. Genetic and phenotypic diversity and their correlation declined from the native range through successively more recent invasive populations, with Australian plants showing the lowest diversity and weakest phenotypic integration. GP models trained using genotypes from one range were consistently poor at predicting trait values in other ranges, indicating that the genetic architecture underlying functional traits is not conserved across ranges. Prediction accuracy improved substantially when significantly correlated traits were included as additional predictors, but only where the strength and direction of those correlations were conserved, which was not the case between all ranges. Multi‐trait analyses of evolutionary potential revealed declining phenotypic integration in invasive ranges, suggesting these populations have not yet reached trait optima. Our results highlight how the demographic and evolutionary processes inherent to biological invasions reshape genetic architecture and trait relationships, limiting the use of conventional genomic prediction models and instead requiring integrated frameworks that account for species biology to predict invasion outcomes.
God-related cues are pervasive in consumers' daily lives, yet little research has examined how God salience shapes consumer food choices. Drawing on compensatory control theory and the literature on symbolic healing, we present findings from six studies, including a field experiment, demonstrating that high (vs. low) God salience increases consumers' likelihood of choosing ultra-processed foods relative to unprocessed foods. This effect is mediated by perceived healing by God, such that heightened God salience leads consumers to believe that God will heal or mitigate the potential negative health consequences of consuming ultra-processed foods. Importantly, this effect is moderated by the perceived predictability of God's intervention, such that the preference for ultra-processed foods emerges when God's intervention is perceived as predictable and attenuates when it is perceived as unpredictable. We further show that God salience increases preferences for ultra-processed foods when the foods are explicitly framed as unhealthy rather than healthy. Together, these findings advance theory on religion and consumer decision-making and offer actionable implications for policymakers, marketers, and consumers seeking to promote healthier consumption choices.
Globally rates of syphilis have been increasing since 1990 and, historically transmission has predominated among gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (GBMSM). In the past decade, transmission has increased among women and men who have sex with women (MSW). This led Australia to declare syphilis a communicable disease of national significance in August 2025. In this commentary, we consider the implications of these developments on conceptions of sexualized drug use (SDU) and research in this field. To date, discourses surrounding SDU have often focused on GBMSM and the culturally specific practice of chemsex. Yet emerging data outlining an association between methamphetamine use and syphilis transmission across populations may warrant a more inclusive SDU research agenda. In reflecting on this topic, we acknowledge that while the association between methamphetamine use and syphilis transmission may stimulate additional research on SDU, there are drawbacks associated with this research focusing on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) alone. We look to the literature on GBMSM and chemsex as a blueprint for a potential research agenda on SDU as practiced by women and MSW. Chemsex research was initially spurred by concerns regarding HIV transmission, however, this body of work has expanded over time to traverse domains of health and wellbeing, service delivery, evaluation and critical theory. We suggest that a similarly diverse body of empirical, applied and critical research on SDU is required to shape culturally appropriate, interdisciplinary services that meet the varied information and support needs of women and MSW who use drugs in sexual contexts.
