Background Parental beliefs about infant sleep shape caregiving practices, infant development, and parental wellbeing. The Views oN Infant Sleep (VNIS) questionnaire was designed to assess these beliefs across three domains: Closeness, Independence, and Night-Waking. This study aimed to validate the questionnaire for the first time in an Australian context, in a sample of 111 pregnant women. Methods Women completed an anonymous online questionnaire containing the 12-item VNIS. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in MPlus, using a weighted least squares estimator to evaluate the proposed three-factor structure. Results Findings provided partial support for the three-factor model. Incremental and residual fit indices were strong (comparative fit index = 0.97; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.96; weighted root mean square residual = 0.76) and the chi-square to degrees-of-freedom ratio indicated acceptable fit (1.75). Global fit was borderline (root mean square error of approximation = 0.08, 90% confidence interval = 0.05–0.11). All items loaded significantly onto their intended factors, however item performance varied. Independence items showed consistently strong loadings, while Closeness items ranged from moderate to strong with one weaker indicator. Night-Waking items were more variable, including one item below acceptable thresholds. Inter-factor correlations were strong (r = 0.58–0.71), indicating substantial coherence and limited distinctiveness between components. Conclusion The VNIS questionnaire captures multidimensional parental beliefs about infant sleep but requires refinement to strengthen reliability and discriminant validity. Further cross-cultural and longitudinal research is needed to support its broader applicability in diverse clinical and research contexts including to fathers and non-birthing partners.
Arctic ship navigability is affected by both international rules and local regulatory frameworks. When differences arise between the two frameworks from policy and practical perspectives, issues inevitably arise, yet they remain insufficiently addressed in the existing literature. In this study, a new framework for assessing and comparing navigability is proposed to quantify differences between international rules and local regulations, as well as between independent navigation and icebreaker escorts. Based on 2022 sea ice data, several key findings were revealed. First, the ship ice-class is identified as the dominant driver of navigability, rather than the regulatory regime, with navigability for PC6 ships quantified at only 42.7% of that for PC3 ships. Second, navigation windows are reduced by 50.5% along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) under Russian regulations and by 65.2% along the Northwest Passage (NWP) under Canadian regulations. Third, regarding local zonal divisions, the delineation of Canada’s Zone 6 is proven unreasonable, and the navigation window is set overly strictly. Finally, the navigability divergence between international rules and local regulations is reduced by 30% through icebreaker escorts, and potential risk zones are identified as being exposed by escort operations. These findings provide theoretical support and managerial insights to promote high-ice-class fleets and to revise Arctic navigation policies and regulations.
Personality traits and emotion regulation (ER) are key antecedents of emotions in learning contexts. Nevertheless, little is known about the possible mediating role of ER in the relation between the Big Five (BF) traits and achievement emotions (AEs). Considering the Control-Value Theory as the main framework, we examined the mediation of behavioral (Actively Approaching, Withdrawal) and cognitive (Refocus on Planning, Catastrophizing) ER strategies in the relation between the BF traits and 10 study-related AEs. We recruited 754 university students from Italy and the United Kingdom. Using path analyses (PAs), we found that Actively Approaching mediated the relation of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Negative Emotionality, and Open-Mindedness with pride and relaxation. Withdrawal mediated the relation of Extraversion and Negative Emotionality with boredom. Catastrophizing mediated the relation between Negative Emotionality and hope, anxiety, anger, and hopelessness. Through multi-group PAs, we observed some country differences in the relation of the BF traits with, respectively, Actively Approaching and Catastrophizing, and three negative emotions. These findings can serve as the basis for developing evidence-based interventions that take into account personality differences and/or influence ER strategies to improve students' AEs.
Tropical cyclones disrupt port operations by causing temporary closures and recovery-phase vessel backlogs, which prolong waiting times and increase emissions. This study examines how probabilistic waiting time forecasts can support coordinated arrival management during post-cyclone recovery. Drawing on port resilience and dynamic capability theory, forecasting is treated as an analytical input to organisational sensing, while a conceptual mapping links its use to actors, decision points, information exchanges and actions across sensing, seizing and reconfiguring. Using a vessel-call dataset constructed from cyclone-port events across major East Asian ports from 2019 to 2025, four interpretable cyclone indicators are constructed to capture event frequency, peak intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure. Ten forecasting models are evaluated under alternative training-data and feature configurations using deterministic and probabilistic performance measures. Models trained on normal operating conditions transfer poorly to the evaluated post-cyclone contexts, whereas training on cyclone-related observations substantially improves predictive performance. Cyclone indicators provide further gains in quantile random forest (QRF) point prediction accuracy, with the selected QRF achieving an MAE of 1.808 h and an RMSE of 5.260 h. Its probabilistic forecasts are subsequently used in speed-adjustment scenario simulations for two illustrative port cases. The results show how forecast quantiles and notification lead times shape the trade-off between emissions reduction and late-arrival risk when vessels follow specified adjustment rules. The findings illustrate how probabilistic forecasts can inform recovery-stage arrival coordination by making uncertainty and operational trade-offs explicit. Dynamic capability theory provides a conceptual framework for interpreting how organisations translate forecast information into coordinated action.
Maritime transport is central to global trade yet contributes around 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, prompting decarbonisation targets established by the International Maritime Organization and accelerating mitigation efforts across shipping and ports. The state-of-the-art literature has developed sector-specific classifications and evaluations of operational, technological, infrastructural, and alternative fuels & energy measures. However, these measures have largely been examined within separate sectoral boundaries, providing limited analytical guidance on how shipping and ports can jointly support maritime decarbonisation. This study addresses this gap through a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Academic literature retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science was synthesised with relevant industry and regulatory reports to identify and classify 71 emission reduction measures across the two highly-complementary sectors. Each measure was then assessed from a cross-sectoral synergy perspective based on its coordination requirements and infrastructure dependence. The results show that 62.0% of the measures have very low synergy, compared with 1.4% at the low level, 14.1% at the medium level, and 22.5% at the high level, while none reaches the very high level. High synergy is concentrated in alternative fuel transitions, carbon management technologies, and shared infrastructure such as bunkering and onshore power supply. The study contributes a unified classification and a parallel four-stage integration framework that links individual measures to increasing levels of operational coordination, infrastructure coupling, and system integration. This framework provides an analytical basis for aligning policy and industry action across shipping and ports.
