Personality traits and emotion regulation (ER) are key antecedents of emotions in learning contexts. Nevertheless, little is known about the possible mediating role of ER in the relation between the Big Five (BF) traits and achievement emotions (AEs). Considering the Control-Value Theory as the main framework, we examined the mediation of behavioral (Actively Approaching, Withdrawal) and cognitive (Refocus on Planning, Catastrophizing) ER strategies in the relation between the BF traits and 10 study-related AEs. We recruited 754 university students from Italy and the United Kingdom. Using path analyses (PAs), we found that Actively Approaching mediated the relation of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Negative Emotionality, and Open-Mindedness with pride and relaxation. Withdrawal mediated the relation of Extraversion and Negative Emotionality with boredom. Catastrophizing mediated the relation between Negative Emotionality and hope, anxiety, anger, and hopelessness. Through multi-group PAs, we observed some country differences in the relation of the BF traits with, respectively, Actively Approaching and Catastrophizing, and three negative emotions. These findings can serve as the basis for developing evidence-based interventions that take into account personality differences and/or influence ER strategies to improve students' AEs.
Belief in conspiracy theories represents a common and potentially rigid belief system that may be influenced by perceived social consensus. It remains unclear whether perceived social norms predict changes in personal conspiracy belief, or whether such associations reflect projection processes whereby individuals infer consensus from their own views. In a two-wave study of UK adults (N = 1430) conducted six weeks apart, we examined whether perceived conspiracy belief norms prospectively predicted residualised change in conspiracy belief. Hierarchical regression analyses controlled for baseline belief levels and demographic covariates, and reciprocal analyses tested whether beliefs predicted subsequent norm perceptions. Parallel analyses were conducted for paranormal beliefs as a secondary test of domain generality. Conspiracy beliefs demonstrated high temporal stability. However, perceived conspiracy norms at Time 1 predicted increases in conspiracy beliefs at Time 2, even after accounting for baseline beliefs. Reciprocal effects were observed but were smaller in magnitude. Normative effects for paranormal beliefs were substantially weaker. These findings suggest that even relatively stable belief systems remain partially responsive to perceived social consensus, highlighting the potential value of normative feedback interventions aimed at correcting exaggerated perceptions of conspiratorial consensus.
OBJECTIVE:To update, synthesise and provide meta-analytical evidence of the associations between domain-specific physical activity (PA) and mental health and mental ill-health outcomes. DESIGN:Systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:In March 2024, we systematically searched five databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:Methods employed replicated those of a previous review in 2017. All studies examining associations between domain-specific PA and specified mental health outcomes were included. RESULTS:372 studies met inclusion criteria and 361 were included in the meta-analysis. Across the 372 studies (combined sample size of 3 323 711), 338 examined leisure-time PA, 54 work-related PA, 72 transport-related PA, 44 household PA, 5 school sport and 8 physical education. Multilevel meta-analyses showed that leisure-time PA (r=0.205, 95% CI 0.157 to 0.253), transport-related PA (r=0.138, 95% CI 0.042 to 0.231) and household PA (r=0.096, 95% CI 0.025 to 0.165) were positively associated with mental health. Leisure-time PA (r=-0.149, 95% CI -0.189 to -0.11) and school sport (r=-0.096, 95% CI -0.115 to -0.077) were inversely associated with mental ill health. However, work-related PA (r=0.134 95% CI 0.069 to 0.199) was positively associated with mental ill health. CONCLUSION:The direction of the association between PA and mental health/mental ill health is dependent on the domain in which PA occurs. Promoting PA for leisure purposes is likely to yield the greatest benefits for both promoting mental health and preventing mental ill health. As such, leisure-time PA should be prioritised in messaging, guidelines and interventions/programmes designed to support mental health through PA. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER:CRD42024510303.
This study uses the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework and appraisal theory to examine how environmental sustainability initiatives (ESIs) function as external stimuli that trigger emotional reactions (brand happiness and brand love) as organism states. These emotional responses, in turn, lead to brand evangelism as the response. It also explores how time orientation (future, present, and past) moderates the emotional impact of ESIs. Survey data from 501 hotel customers were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results show that ESIs significantly enhance both brand happiness and love, with brand love more strongly driving brand evangelism due to its deeper, more enduring passion and commitment compared to the momentary nature of happiness. Further, moderation analysis revealed that future orientation strengthened the effects of ESIs on both happiness and love, suggesting that forward-focused consumers more readily appraise ESIs as personally meaningful. In contrast, present orientation had a significant negative impact on these effects, indicating active resistance of future-oriented brand actions. Past orientation had no significant effect, reflecting appraisal detachment (i.e. neither reject nor embrace ESIs) rather than value conflict. The findings suggest that hotels should adopt a dual-pathway ESI strategy that engages both immediate experiential pleasure and deeper emotional connections and tailor messaging to customers' time orientations to maximize emotional impact and advocacy.
This review rigorously analyzes the advancement of fiber-reinforced geopolymer plasters for fireproofing purposes in construction. Geopolymers possess superior thermal resistance and reduced environmental impact relative to ordinary Portland cement. The addition of fibers such as steel, glass, basalt, and synthetic materials markedly improves mechanical strength, thermal insulation, and fire resistance. Recent research is comprehensively summarized, focusing on the mechanical behavior, thermal conductivity, microstructural evolution, and degradation mechanisms of fiber-reinforced geopolymers subjected to elevated temperatures and fire exposure. Special emphasis is placed on intumescent properties and fire-protection mechanisms that support the prospective advancement of geopolymer-based surface protection plasters. This review delineates significant research deficiencies, such as long-term durability, fiber–matrix interactions under cyclic thermal loading, and standardized fire-testing protocols, while also addressing burgeoning prospects for artificial intelligence-assisted material design and performance forecasting. Fiber-reinforced geopolymers are identified as a viable low-carbon fireproofing material that meets the sustainability and safety requirements of contemporary construction.
