Lusíada University of Porto

The use of multiple informants in the evaluation of children’s aggressive behavior is considered a best practice, as it allows a more detailed and holistic understanding of this phenomenon. However, studies conducted exclusively within the scope of aggressive behavior functions are still scarce, and discrepancies between informants’ reports are common in studies that rely on proximal behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the agreement between parent and teacher ratings of children’s reactive and proactive aggressive behaviors. To this end, elementary school children (n = 95, aged 7–10) were assessed using the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. The results showed that teachers reported higher levels of proactive aggression than parents. Nevertheless, reports from both informants were moderately to strongly related for both reactive and proactive aggression, with stronger agreement observed for reactive aggression. Sex differences also emerged: for girls, agreement was significant for both proactive and reactive aggression, whereas for boys, it was significant only for reactive aggression. The results, limitations, and directions for future studies are discussed.

Digital media have reshaped electoral communication, yet official campaign websites, owned and strategically controlled media spaces, remain underexamined within hybrid media systems. This study investigates how these websites function in Portugal’s 2026 presidential election, focusing on the tension between participatory affordances and strategic control. A qualitative-dominant comparative content analysis of all eleven candidate websites is conducted using an integrated multi-model framework combining interactivity, web campaigning, functional analysis, digital sophistication, and political framing. The findings reveal a stratified digital landscape in which most websites operate as unidirectional communication hubs prioritizing narrative coherence and mobilization over deliberative interaction. Rather than functioning as democratic equalizers, campaign websites reproduce and amplify pre-existing strategic and organizational asymmetries. A key contribution of the study is the identification of a systematic association between the strength of campaign framing and the level of digital infrastructural investment. The study contributes by conceptualizing campaign websites as central media infrastructures and by reframing digital campaigning as a strategy-driven, rather than technology-driven, process.

This study examines the accounting determinants of the capital structure of Portuguese firms in the textile, clothing, and leather sectors, based on a sample of 6469 firms over the period 2010–2022, using panel data models. The relevance of this study lies in its focus on specific industrial sectors characterized by a high predominance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and a strong dependence on bank financing. In addition to the traditional analysis of leverage determinants, this study introduces a conditional approach to accounting variables based on firms’ structural characteristics, namely size and age. Robustness checks and data treatment procedures were conducted to mitigate the potential impact of outliers in the financial variables. The results show that profitability, liquidity, and risk negatively affect indebtedness, whereas asset structure and growth exert positive effects. The effective tax rate has a negative impact on debt. Firm size and age significantly condition the relationship between variables. SMEs’ financing decisions exhibit differentiated patterns depending on firm size and age. The findings support the predictions of the Pecking Order Theory and, to a lesser extent, the Trade-Off Theory. The study highlights the importance of considering firm heterogeneity when designing financing policies and strategies for Portuguese SMEs.

If left untreated, peripartum depression (PPD) can significantly disrupt mother-infant interactions and is associated with long-term negative consequences for child development. The aim of this article was to systematically review studies examining the underlying neural and physiological markers associated with socioemotional and cognitive development in infants and children exposed to maternal PPD. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases, covering studies from their inception until July 2024. Six studies were included in this review. Two studies assessed PPD symptoms during pregnancy, two during the postpartum period, and two during both pregnancy and the postpartum period. The findings suggest that the developmental outcomes of the offspring of depressed mothers during the perinatal period may be underpinned by specific correlates of brain activity and psychophysiological functioning-specifically, greater right frontal EEG asymmetry, heightened activation of the amygdala and other paralimbic structures, lower vagal tone, and increased N2 latencies. This review highlights the need for further research in this area.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an increasingly important factor in shaping consumer responses, particularly among younger generations who are often portrayed as ethically sensitive yet behaviorally ambivalent. While prior research has established that CSR is associated with favorable consumer outcomes, the mechanisms through which CSR perceptions translate into loyalty and economic value remain insufficiently understood. Addressing this gap, the present study adopts a mediation perspective to examine how perceived CSR influences consumer loyalty and willingness to pay through the sequential roles of trust and attitudes among young consumers. Using survey data collected from 307 young consumers in Portugal, the study tests a conceptual framework in which CSR perceptions influence trust and attitudes, which in turn shape loyalty and willingness to pay. Data were analyzed using reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, regression-based mediation analysis, and bootstrapping procedures. The results provide strong support for the proposed mediation framework, revealing that CSR does not exert direct effects on loyalty or willingness to pay. Instead, its relationship with these outcomes is indirectly transmitted through trust, attitudes, and loyalty. Specifically, trust and attitudes sequentially mediate the relationship between CSR and loyalty, while the relationship between CSR and willingness to pay operates indirectly through loyalty. These findings contribute to the CSR and consumer behavior literature by clarifying the mechanisms through which CSR creates value for firms and by advancing a process-oriented understanding of CSR-driven consumer behavior. From a managerial perspective, the results highlight the importance of designing and communicating CSR initiatives that foster trust and positive attitudes, thereby strengthening long-term consumer relationships and enhancing willingness to pay among young consumers.