Lycoming College

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded within entrepreneurial practice, reshaping opportunity recognition, innovation processes, and venture-level decision-making. This transformation creates a clear need for entrepreneurship education (EE) to adopt theoretically coherent and developmentally structured approaches to AI integration. Although scholarship recognises the growing importance of AI-related knowledge, applied integration, and responsible judgement, integrative frameworks explaining how these capabilities can be progressively cultivated within EE remain limited. This paper addresses that gap by developing the AI-Enabled Entrepreneurial Learning Progression Framework. Building on the established about–for–through tradition, the framework reconceptualises AI integration as a staged capability-development process rather than a discrete curricular addition. It articulates how AI capability can be systematically developed from conceptual literacy and analytical understanding to applied integration and evaluative judgement, and ultimately to entrepreneurial capability, identity formation, and responsible agency within AI-enabled venture contexts. By aligning learning purpose, learning development, pedagogical orientation, AI positioning, curriculum focus, teaching activities, and assessment across stages, the framework advances a theory-building account. It explains how AI reshapes the developmental logic of EE. It provides a structured foundation for curriculum design and assessment alignment and establishes a platform for future empirical research on AI-enabled entrepreneurial capability formation.

This study presents a global, deep-time comparative analysis of governance, questioning entrenched viewpoints about the origins and evolution of democratic institutions. Drawing on archaeological and textual data from 40 case observations across 31 polities, we develop a quantitative framework to assess governance along a collective-autocratic axis, defined by two key dimensions: concentration of power and citizen inclusiveness. Using bridging arguments and robust proxies, we construct an autocracy index to assess where cases fall on this axis and examine them in relation to population size, hierarchical complexity, geographic region, modes of fiscal financing, bureaucratic structure, ritual practices, and socioeconomic inequality. Neither polity population nor geographic region tightly correlates with the collective-autocratic axis of governance, challenging extant neoevolutionary models. Instead, the strongest associations for autocratic governance are with external financing, patrimonial bureaucracy, spectacular ritual, and high inequality. The study underscores the diversity and persistence of collective governance, offering a scalable methodology for future comparative research and reframing historical narratives.

Common envelopes are thought to be the main method for producing tight binaries in the universe as the orbital period shrinks by several orders of magnitude during this phase. Despite their importance for various evolutionary channels, direct detections are rare, and thus observational constraints on common envelope physics are often inferred from post-CE populations. Population constraints suggest that the CE phase must be highly inefficient at using orbital energy to drive envelope ejection for low-mass systems and highly efficient for high-mass systems. Such a dichotomy has been explained by an interplay between convection, radiation and orbital decay. If convective transport to the surface occurs faster than the orbit decays, the CE self-regulates and radiatively cools. Once the orbit shrinks such that convective transport is slow compared to orbital decay, a burst occurs as the release of orbital energy can be far in excess of that required to unbind the envelope. With the anticipation of first light for the Rubin Observatory, we calculate light curve models for convective common envelopes and provide the time evolution of apparent magnitudes for the Rubin filters. Convection imparts a distinct signature in the light curves and lengthens the timescales during which they are observable. Given Rubin limiting magnitudes, convective CEs should be detectable out to distances of 8 Mpc at a rate of 0.3 per day and provide an intriguing observational test of common envelope physics.

Responding to Bolton et al.1 we remind that our 2025 study2 investigated the identity of a fossilized euarthropod nervous system with reference to extant species, a strategy already deployed on certain Cambrian taxa3. Claims that we failed to identify features defining the extant arachnid prosomal nervous system is here invalidated, as are implausible expectations that neural characters could disambiguate phylogenetic relationships relying on respiratory systems.