Mandsaur University is a Private University located in Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
This paper provides a comparative research on hybrid watermarking methods in medical image security. Securing medical information like patient records and medical images, when stored and transferred is a significant challenge. Conventional watermarking techniques might not offer adequate protection, resilience and authentication. Hence, hybrid methods involving the integration of watermarking and encryption, as well as, spatial/frequency domain methods are more useful in improving security. The paper contrasts different hybrid methods in terms of image quality and strength in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). PSNR values in the surveyed methods are reported to be between 39 dB and 59 dB, which suggests better imperceptibility and quality of reconstruction. Medical data like CT scans, MRI, X-ray and ultrasound needs confidentiality, integrity checks and secure access. The results indicate that hybrid watermarking systems offer high confidentiality, robustness, authentication and protection compared to traditional watermarking systems.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal pulmonary disorder marked by irreversible fibrotic remodeling of lung tissue and limited therapeutic options. Pirfenidone is clinically approved for IPF management; however, its therapeutic utility is restricted by poor and variable oral bioavailability, extensive first-pass metabolism, frequent dosing, and systemic adverse effects. These challenges necessitate the development of an innovative, lung-targeted delivery system capable of enhancing drug localization and sustaining therapeutic efficacy. In this study, biodegradable pirfenidone-loaded nanocarriers were developed and systematically optimized as a potential pulmonary delivery system based on its nanoscale characteristics and sustained drug release properties. Nanoparticles were prepared using an ionic gelation technique employing chitosan and albumin as biocompatible polymeric carriers. A three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design was applied to evaluate and optimize the influence of formulation variables on particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. Comprehensive preformulation and physicochemical characterization, including UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, DSC, and solubility analysis, confirmed drug integrity and excipient compatibility. The optimized formulation exhibited a nanoscale particle size ( 152 nm) with high drug entrapment efficiency ( 85
Background: Cadaveric dissections serve as vital tools in medical education, providing detailed anatomical insights and fostering a deeper understanding of surgical interventions. The incidental identification of orthopaedic implants during dissection allows direct assessment of implant's bone interaction, tissue response and biomechanical stability beyond radiological interpretation. This study documents the discovery of an intramedullary nail and screw fixation in the lower shaft of the tibia and fibula during routine cadaveric dissection. Objective: To document and analyse the anatomical, biomechanical and educational significance of an intramedullary nail and screw fixation in the tibia and plate fixation in the fibula observed during cadaveric dissection. Methodology: This descriptive cadaveric case based observational study was conducted on a 65-year-old male cadaver where metallic implants were incidentally identified. Systematic dissection was carried out to expose the tibia and fibula along with surrounding soft tissues. Implant configurations, bone-implant interface, periosteal integrity, fibrotic response and muscular changes were examined and documented. Results: A well aligned intramedullary nail extending from the proximal metaphysis to the distal shaft of the tibia was identified, secured by two proximal and one distal interlocking screws. The fibula showed lateral plate fixation with two cortical screws. Minimal fibrosis, intact periosteum and absence of osteolysis were observed. Mild muscle atrophy suggested previous immobilization rather than surgical complication. Conclusion: This cadaveric dissection demonstrates successful long term anatomical integration of tibia-fibula fixation. Such findings enhance understanding of fracture biomechanics, tissue response and provide valuable learning material for anatomical and surgical education.
Sustainable treatment of distillery industry effluent (DIE) remains challenging due to its strong coloration, complex pollutant profile, and toxicity. However, it is critical to ensure safe disposal/reuse, safeguard soil/water resources, mitigate environmental pollution, and protect public health. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the bioremediation of DIE using a novel ligninolytic enzyme-producing bacterial strain, Bacillus velezensis HIM03, attained significant reductions in pollution parameters within 144 h: COD (84.03%), BOD (87.00%), TDS (74.99%), phosphate (69.27%), sulfate (63.17%), nitrate (71.01%), phenol (74.03%), and heavy metals including Zn (85.93%), Cu (78.57%), Mn (75.26%), Fe (66.00%), and Pb (72.73%). The bacterium Bacillus velezensis HIM03 (GenBank Accession Number: OP659023) exhibited laccase production with a peak activity of 6.18 IU/mL/min at 96 h under optimal conditions [pH: 8, temperature: 35 degrees C, glucose and peptone: C and N substrate (0.5%), inoculum size: 10 mL, shaking speed: 120 rpm], indicating its strong oxidative potential for degradation of recalcitrant coloring contaminants (RCCs). FT-IR and GC-MS examination confirmed the efficient degradation and structural transformation of RCCs into simpler, non-toxic metabolites, validating true detoxification rather than mere pollutant removal. Crucially, phytotoxicity assays showed an 82% seed germination in Phaseolus aureus L. (mung bean) when irrigated with treated DIE, demonstrating significant reduction in residual toxicity and improved environmental compatibility. These findings validate the role of novel Bacillus velezensis HIM03 in achieving regulatory-relevant pollutant removal, showcasing its strong potential for integration into economical and scalable bioremediation strategies for DIE, in line with the UN SDGs on clean water, health, and environmental sustainability.
Seed-borne infections, especially those in the genus Xanthomonas, are a constant threat to global food security because they weaken crops and make it easier for diseases to spread across large distances. Among these, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the principal causal agent of black rot, a devastating systemic vascular disease affecting Brassica species worldwide. This review synthesizes current knowledge about Xcc's biology, epidemiology, and taxonomic reclassification. It focuses on its particular virulence features, such as type III effectors and surface polysaccharides, which enable it colonize hosts through hydathodes and wounds. We evaluated diagnostic methodologies, ranging from traditional selective media extraction to high-sensitivity PCR-based detection. Furthermore, this paper includes a critical examination of integrated management options, including hot water seed treatments, the application of copper and silver nanoparticles, biological control agents, and the increasing use of bacteriophages. By consolidating these multifaceted approaches, we identify critical research gaps in genotype-specific seed treatments and sustainable biocontrol, providing a framework for strengthening resilience against seed-borne diseases in modern agrosystems.
