Parul University is a private university in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. It was established in 2009 as the Parul Group of Institutes, and was given university status in 2015.
Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods play an important role in supporting decisions involving multiple criteria with different characteristics and levels of importance. However, differences in normalization procedures, criterion treatment, and aggregation mechanisms can lead to variations in the resulting preference structures. This study proposes a new MCDM method, namely total evaluation based on knowledge-driven normalized optimization (TEKNO), which integrates normalization, relative evaluation, criterion weighting, optimization-based normalization, and total evaluation into a unified decision-making framework. The proposed method is designed to transform heterogeneous decision information into comparable evaluation values while preserving the relative contribution of each criterion. The applicability of TEKNO is evaluated through two decision-making case studies involving new store location selection and leasing customer selection. The evaluation framework includes ranking analysis, comparison with established MCDM methods, Spearman rank correlation analysis, and sensitivity analysis under variations in criterion weights. The results show that TEKNO achieves a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 1.0000 for the new store location case and 0.9964 for the leasing customer selection case, indicating very strong agreement with the reference rankings. In addition, the ranking remains unchanged across the tested sensitivity scenarios, demonstrating the stability of TEKNO under variations in criterion weights. These findings indicate that TEKNO provides a transparent, systematic, and stable alternative for MCDM applications for practical decision support where reliable ranking, methodological transparency, and robustness across alternative evaluation conditions are required. Nevertheless, broader validation using diverse datasets, decision domains, weighting schemes, and statistical evaluation techniques is required to further establish its generalizability and comparative performance.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and heavy metal resistance (HMR) in aquatic ecosystems are increasing global health concerns driven by anthropogenic pollution of water systems. Municipal wastewater, hospital effluents, industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and aquaculture activities contribute to the persistence and dissemination of resistant microorganisms and resistance genes in aquatic environments. Clinically important waterborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholerae, readily acquire resistance under continuous environmental stress conditions. Heavy metals further enhance AMR persistence through co-selection and cross-resistance mediated by mobile genetic elements carrying both antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance genes. This review summarizes the major environmental drivers, molecular mechanisms, and dissemination pathways associated with AMR–HMR interactions in aquatic systems. Recent advances in wastewater-based epidemiology, metagenomic surveillance, and resistance monitoring are highlighted as emerging tools for environmental and public health assessment. Current mitigation approaches, including advanced oxidation processes, membrane bioreactors, nanomaterial-based filtration, and microbial bioremediation, are also evaluated. A multidisciplinary One Health framework is essential for limiting environmental resistance dissemination and protecting human, animal, and ecosystem health. Heavy metal-driven co-selection of antimicrobial resistance and monitoring strategies in aquatic environments. Created with BioRender.com.
The rapid progress of flexible electronics has generated a requirement for lightweight materials that block high-frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, finding a material that stabilizes physical flexibility with strong microwave absorption continue to be a substantial challenge in modern research. This research fills this gap by developing a flexible film made of lead hexaferrite (LHF) nanoparticles anchored onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets within a PVA-PEG polymer matrix. Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope analysis confirms that this design avoids particle clustering and creates a powerful conductive network. In the Ku-band (12–18 GHz), the 40wt
Abstract Women of reproductive age suffer from a complex, multifactorial neuroendocrine and metabolic and reproductive dysfunction called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which has symptoms such as hormonal imbalance, irregular menstruation, and impaired metabolism. PCOS is estimated to affect between 8 and 13 per cent of the female population worldwide but is widely underdiagnosed. Some of the negative effects of PCOS include infertility, obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic physical and mental health problems. Lifestyle choices, diet, genetics, and environmental stressors all contribute to the development of PCOS through changes in steroidogenesis and other physiological processes that occur in the ovaries and the metabolism of women. Recent findings indicate that probiotic and prebiotic treatments may restore gut microbiota balance and promote increased metabolism. This review describes how the gut microbiome and the excessive production of female hormones (hyperandrogenism) in women with PCOS may interact and outlines potential pathways through which gut dysbiosis can contribute to the development of PCOS. Finally, this review highlights the integration of personalised lifestyle modifications and microbiota-targeted interventions as a multifaceted strategy to mitigate gut dysbiosis and improve the metabolic and endocrine outcomes associated with PCOS.
Radiation-induced skin injury is a common, dose-limiting toxicity of cancer radiotherapy caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and impaired epidermal repair. Current topical treatments mainly offer symptomatic relief and do not effectively address intracellular oxidative stress. This study reports a hyaluronic acid–functionalized, hesperidin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (HSP-HA-SLN) system designed to enhance dermal delivery, skin retention, and intracellular antioxidant activity. HSP-HA-SLNs were prepared by solvent injection and optimized using a Central Composite Design to achieve sub-300 nm particle size and high entrapment efficiency, followed by hyaluronic acid surface functionalization. The optimized formulation was characterized by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, thermal, and crystallographic analyses. In vitro drug release, cytocompatibility, intracellular antioxidant activity, and ex vivo skin permeation and retention were evaluated. The nanoparticles exhibited sustained diffusion-controlled drug release, high cytocompatibility, and significantly improved intracellular ROS scavenging compared to free hesperidin. The observed intracellular ROS reduction supports the potential of this system in radiation-induced oxidative stress conditions. Ex vivo studies showed enhanced dermal deposition with minimal surface residue, indicating localized drug reservoir formation. Overall, the HSP-HA-SLN platform overcomes key solubility, permeability, and retention limitations of hesperidin and represents a promising topical nanotherapeutic approach for potential application in radiation-induced skin injury.
