Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, emphasizing the need for accurate and early non-invasive diagnostic methods. Laser Doppler techniques enable quantitative, real-time assessment of microcirculatory and vascular function. This study evaluates three complementary modalities: Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) for skin and peripheral tissue perfusion, Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) for non-contact, wide-field visualization of microcirculatory dynamics, and Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) for assessment of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid arterial mechanical properties. Modern echocardiographic techniques, including strain analysis and myocardial work, are included as complementary functional indicators of cardiac performance. Data include healthy subjects and patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease. In T2DM, LDF indicates early microvascular dysfunction with impaired endothelial regulation and significant association with microcirculatory indices. The findings demonstrate that laser Doppler systems provide reliable assessment of microcirculation, vascular reactivity, and arterial stiffness, supporting their potential for early cardiovascular risk stratification and disease monitoring.
In this paper the impact of Shockley-Read-Hole (SRH) recombination on the performance of organic (OSCs) and perovskite (PSCs) solar cells is comparatively analyzed by the drift–diffusion model. It has been established that for OSCs SRH recombination dominantly affects short circuit current ( J_sc ), while for PSCs open circuit voltage ( V_oc ) is mostly affected, both resulting in a significant reduction of efficiency. Considering that one of the fundamental differences between organic materials and perovskites is the mobility of charge carriers, the influence of mobility on the loss of J_sc and V_oc due to SRH recombination in both types of solar cells was investigated. Higher V_oc and J_sc losses were observed in PSCs. The obtained results were explained by analyzing the operation of the devices in short-circuit and open-circuit. Unlike PSCs, in short-circuit of OSCs, a significant amount of charge carriers remains in the active layer. The pronounced SRH recombination appears which reduces the conductivity and therefore the drift current and consequently J_sc . At open circuit, in both OSCs and PSCs, the drift current balances the diffusion current which is found to be independent of SRH recombination. The decrease in conductivity therefore leads to an increase in the electric field, thus lowering V_oc . Obtained results are supported by experimental evidence from literature.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of humeral derotation osteotomy in patients with OBPP, with emphasis on improvement in shoulder external rotation, functional scores, and postoperative complications. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 46 children with OBPP who underwent HDO at a tertiary orthopedic center. We retrospectively assessed demographic, surgical, radiographic, functional, complication, and follow-up data. We compared shoulder range of motion and Mallet scores preoperatively and postoperatively using paired t-tests. Results: Mean external rotation improved from −25.6° ± 8.4° to 32.8° ± 10.2°, while abduction increased from 62.5° ± 14.3° to 118.7° ± 16.9% (p<0.001). Mallet scores improved from 9.2 ± 2.1 to 16.8 ± 2.4 (p<0.001). Minor complications included stiffness, implant irritation, and infection. Conclusion: Humeral derotation osteotomy is an effective surgical procedure for correcting internal rotation deformity in patients with OBPP. It provides significant functional and cosmetic improvement with a low complication rate. Early identification and appropriate surgical intervention can substantially enhance quality of life in affected children.
The development of chitosan (CS)-based films incorporating antioxidant compounds offers a promising approach for the design of functional biobased materials. CS films containing propolis and Fumaria officinalis extract (FOE) were prepared with triglyceryl citrate (TGC) and modified with limonene, ethyl lactate (EL), or diethyl adipate (DEA); their physicochemical, release, and antioxidant properties were evaluated. EL- and DEA-containing films exhibited greater structural homogeneity than limonene-based; higher FOE concentrations increased surface heterogeneity and porosity. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the viscoelastic response depended on the additive, with CSEL retaining the highest moduli and CSL-FOE exhibiting the most pronounced softening after FOE/propolis incorporation (G′~105 Pa at 100–110 °C; G″~104 Pa at 120 °C). EL-based films retained the highest tensile resistance and the most balanced strength-deformability profile (stress at break: ~53.58 N/mm2; strain at break: ~14.05%); increasing FOE content reduced stress at break. Film wettability and water uptake were governed by additive and FOE concentration. The release study demonstrated sustained polyphenol delivery, with EL- and DEA-based systems showing approximately 50% release after 24 h. Antioxidant assays confirmed a time- and concentration-dependent increase in activity. The antioxidant response profiles differed among the films, with EL films showing an earlier increase in antioxidant activity, limonene films exhibiting a more gradual response, and DEA films displaying an intermediate response pattern.
Biochar has emerged as a highly attractive, sustainable support for enzyme immobilization, with dual benefits: valorization of available lignocellulosic waste and use as a stable, porous matrix for enzyme binding. This study investigated acid-modified sour cherry stone biochar (SCBM) as support for two laccases of different origins: crude laccase (Bjerkandera adusta TMF1 (CL)) and purified commercial laccase (Trametes versicolor (TvL)). The aim was to compare immobilization efficiency, activity retention and Brilliant Green (BG) decolorization in batch and air-lift reactors (ALRs). Immobilization of crude (SCBM-CL) and commercial (SCBM-TvL) laccase was successfully achieved and confirmed by SEM-EDX and FTIR-ATR analyses. Under optimized batch conditions, SCBM-TvL achieved approximately 92% of BG removal within 4 h and maintained high catalytic activity over nine consecutive cycles, whereas SCBM-CL reached almost 66% removal, with a progressive loss of activity upon reuse. In the ALR, using a 25-fold lower biochar-to-solution ratio, SCBM-TvL achieved almost complete BG decolorization within 4 h, while SCBM-CL achieved 57% within the same time. After treatment, BG solution exhibited a phytostimulatory effect, no antimicrobial activity, and 87% COD reduction, indicating reduced toxicity and organic load after enzyme treatment. Furthermore, the BG decolorization achieved by SCBM-TvL in ALRs highlights the economic advantage of this system and supports its potential for further scale-up.
