The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации, Минобороны России, informally abbreviated as МО, МО РФ or Minoboron) is the governing body of the Russian Armed Forces.The President of Russia is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and directs the activity of the Ministry. The Defence Minister exercises day-to-day administrative and operational authority over the armed forces. The General Staff executes the president's and the defence minister's instructions and orders.The main building of the ministry, built in the 1940s, is located on Arbatskaya Square, near Arbat Street. Other buildings of the ministry are located throughout the city of Moscow. The supreme body responsible for the Ministry's management and supervision of the Armed Forces is The National Defense Management Center (Национальный центр управления обороной РФ) located on Frunzenskaya Embankment and responsible for the centralization of the Armed Forces' command.The current Russian Minister of Defence is Army General Sergey Shoygu.
В статье рассматривается хоровой концерт «Печальные песни» современного композитора Валерия Васильевича Пьянкова (1940 г.р.), написанный на стихотворения Александра Блока. Произведение создавалось во второй половине 80-х годов ХХ века и явилось своего рода, реакцией, эмоциональным откликом музыканта на происходящие кардинальные перемены в жизни родного государства. Концерт состоит из одиннадцати хоров, названия которых соответствуют названиям блоковских произведений, написанных с 1905 по 1914 годы. Первые четыре хора повествуют о тревогах и лишениях после революции 1917 года в России. Три средних хора - это картины России, средневековой Европы, Испании. Последние четыре хора выражают стремление к христианским идеалам, к духовному Возрождению. В статье осваивается малоизученный в отечественном музыкознании материал, что обусловливает актуальность и научную новизну исследования. Цель работы - расширить представления музыкальной науки об отечественной хоровой музыке последних десятилетий, в частности о сочинениях для хора Валерия Пьянкова. The article examines the choral concert «Sad Songs» by the modern composer Valery Vasilyevich Pyankov (born in 1940), written on poems by Alexander Blok. The work was created in the second half of the 80s of the twentieth century and was a kind of reaction, an emotional response of the musician to the cardinal changes taking place in the life of his native state. The concert consists of eleven choirs, the names of which correspond to the names of Blok's works created from 1905 to 1914. The first four choirs tell about the anxieties and hardships after the 1917 revolution in Russia. The three middle choirs are paintings of Russia, medieval Europe, and Spain. The last four choirs express the desire for Christian ideals, for spiritual Rebirth. The article examines the little-studied material in Russian musicology, which determines the relevance and scientific novelty of the study. The aim of the work is to expand the understanding of musical science about the Russian choral music of recent decades, in particular about the compositions for the choir by Valery Pyankov.
The paper focusses on an understudied topic of psycological warfare during the Great Patriotic War led by various divisions of the Red Army to influence the enemy’s troops. This was a powerful radio propaganda, as well as the visual one — through millions of printed leaflets. Its primary objective was to undermine the morale of enemy troops and force them to stop fighting for unjust causes.
Reflexotherapy (acupuncture and other methods of biologically active points exposure) is a medical specialty in Russia: and has a wide range of indications for use. The article presents the complications of this treatment method (the “Red Flags”) and the possibilities of their prevention.
The present paper analyses the Soviet war planning prior to the onset of the Great Patriotic War. The focus is placed on the plans of the General Staff of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in the spring of 1941. The authors of the study analyse drafts of plans that were never implemented by the Soviet government. The study's conclusion asserts that military leadership possessed no intention of engaging in “an offensive” against Germany.
Biobanks are created and operate in the interests of state security and the treatment of socially significant diseases. The high demand for biobanking of umbilical cord and cord blood has led to the emergence of specialized structures – Umbilical Cord Blood Banks. The aim was to systematize the literature data on the cellular composition of the umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood as an object of biobanking. Material and methods. The review includes literature sources containing data on the cellular composition of the umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood as an object of biobanking, provided by the eLibrary, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Results and discussion. Umbilical cord blood is significantly different from the blood of a newborn, even in the first hours of his life. The umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood contain stem cells (mesenchymal, hematopoietic, neural, very small embryonic-like, endothelial progenitors), differentiated cells of the hematogenous differon (monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes), as well as exosomes secreted by all of them. Differentiated cells of hematogenous differon are characterized by a decrease in phagocytic and cytotoxic activity, which is associated with the ability of mononuclear cell exosomes to inhibit inflammation, cell proliferation and cytokine production, and promote the transition from the Th1 or Th17 phenotype to the T-regulatory lymphocyte phenotype. Umbilical cord blood is a rich source of T cells with potent suppressive activity. Depending on the producing cell, exosomes may have different modulating characteristics. Mesenchymal stem cells of the umbilical cord are distinguished by high clonogenic potential, proliferative activity and a relatively low ability to differentiate towards the adipocyte lineage. The presence of neural stem cells in umbilical cord blood may explain the high effectiveness of cell therapy for damage to the nervous system using umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood. Conclusions. Biobanking of umbilical cord cells and umbilical cord blood is a promising area of regenerative medicine. The greatest prospects in the field of cell therapy and exosome production are opened by separate cryopreservation of mesenchymal, hematopoietic, neural and very small embryonic-like stem cells. A source of additional information for the development of this area can be the study of the natural microenvironment of stem cells - umbilical cord blood leukocytes, as well as the development of applied aspects of biobanking of umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood and annotation of the cellular composition of bio-samples.
