Motol University Hospital (Czech: Fakultní nemocnice v Motole) is a large teaching hospital in the Motol area of Prague. It is the largest medical facility in the Czech Republic and one of the largest in Europe. It is a major teaching base for students from the Second Faculty of Medicine, and also for some students from the First Faculty of Medicine. The Nemocnice Motol metro station nearby is named after it. This hospital has 2,410 beds. 860,000 patients treated a year as out-patients and 70,000 treated per year as in-patients. The hospital is served by almost 5,000 staff.
Hearing preservation is a key goal of vestibular schwannoma (VS) microsurgery. Intraoperative auditory monitoring spans far-field auditory brainstem responses (ABR)/brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and near-field cochlear nerve action potentials (CNAP)/dorsal cochlear nucleus action potentials (DNAP). Prior reports often conflate diagnostic accuracy of thresholds with interventional effectiveness. We separated these domains to deliver decision-relevant synthesis. PRISMA-guided systematic review of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Embase. Eligible VS studies used ABR/BAEP, CNAP, or DNAP and reported (1) diagnostic performance of prespecified intraoperative thresholds versus postoperative hearing, or (2) comparative effectiveness of monitoring-guided surgery. Primary clinical outcome: long-term serviceable hearing (GR I–II or AAO-HNS A–B). ROBINS-I for effectiveness and QUADAS-2 for diagnostic studies were used for risk of bias assessment. Random-effects models were used for synthesis. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD420251181366) before its start. We included 34 studies yielding 1,297 patients with operated VS (27 diagnostic/threshold; 7 comparative-effectiveness). The two nonrandomized cohorts comparing any intraoperative auditory monitoring versus none were directionally favorable but imprecise (RR 1.28, 95
Objectives: To revise the 2018 European Reference Network for rare Inherited and Congenital Digestive and Gastrointestinal Anomalies (ERNICA) clinical guideline for the management of rectosigmoid Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) based on new evidence and evolving clinical priorities, ensuring continued relevance, trustworthiness, and consistency in care. Methods: The update followed a structured five-step process: identifying new evidence (2018-2024), prioritizing recommendations using the Update Priority Tool, and revising selected topics using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Evidence to Decision (GRADE EtD) framework. A multidisciplinary panel of pediatric surgeons, patient representatives, and methodologists from 12 countries oversaw the process. Revised recommendations were developed through evidence review and consensus meetings. Results: Ten prioritized clinical topics were revised. Key updates include refined recommendations on histopathological staining in diagnosis, preoperative screening for renal anomalies and malnutrition, postoperative anastomotic calibration, individualized dietary guidance, sexual and fertility health during follow-up, transition to adult care, and the role of botulinum toxin in managing Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). Routine preventive anal dilatations were no longer recommended. The guideline highlights the importance of structured, multidisciplinary, and patient-centered care throughout the lifespan and identifies several research gaps, including nutrition, transition of care, fertility, and HAEC definitions. Conclusion: This updated guideline reflects current evidence and expert consensus, supporting equitable, patient-centered HSCR care. Implementation will be supported via the European Pediatric Surgical Audit (EPSA), and future updates will be informed by registry data and ongoing research.
Enzalutamide (ENZA), a next-generation non-steroidal androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, plays a pivotal role in the management of both hormone-sensitive (HSPC) and androgen deprivation-resistant prostate cancer (ARPC). This paper presents real-world clinical outcomes of ENZA in a subgroup of metastatic HSPC (mHSPC) patients included in the ARON-3 study. Clinical information was extracted retrospectively from medical records at 29 cancer centres in 9 countries worldwide. Overall Survival (OS) was calculated from starting ENZA to death from any cause and the time on treatment (ToT) from ENZA initiation to discontinuation for any reason. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate OS and ToT. PSA90 was defined as a ≥90% PSA reduction from baseline, and PSA0.2 as the achievement of an ultra-low PSA level ≤0.2 ng/ml. Adverse events (AEs) were categorised according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. The study population comprised 424 patients treated with ENZA for mHSPC, of whom 80 (19%) had lymph node-only metastases, 265 (63%) bone-only metastases, and 50 (12%) visceral metastases. 273 patients (64%) had synchronous metastases and 151 (36%) had developed metachronous metastases. A total of 228 patients were diagnosed with low-volume disease, and 196 patients (46%) with high-volume disease. The median ToT was 31.8 months, and the median OS was not reached. The median time to PSA90 (achieved in 76% of patients) and PSA0.2 (59% of patients) was 6.0 months and 8.3 months, respectively. Statistically significant associations were identified between lymph node-only patterns, PSA90 and ultra-low PSA responses, and longer treatment duration and better overall survival. Grade 3–4 AEs were observed in 9% of patients <70 years and in 10% ≥70 years. Real-world clinical practice corroborates the findings from clinical trials, confirming the effectiveness and safety of ENZA in mHSPC patients.
INTRODUCTION:Although epidemiological studies often group the Baltic states together, they differ significantly in national stroke care legislation and infrastructure. Our study aimed to explore and compare the current state of stroke care in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We analysed the Stroke Action Plan for Europe (SAP-E) Stroke Service Tracker data from 2022, including data from the respective National Health Insurance Funds and direct centre-level queries. Geographic Information System-based modelling assessed population access to stroke-ready hospitals within 1 h. Key metrics, including hospitalised stroke incidence, stroke unit admission, recanalisation therapy and in-hospital as well as 30-day mortality, were compared using Z-tests for proportions. RESULTS:The hospitalised stroke incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was similar in Lithuania (353) and Latvia (354), but lower in Estonia (246), despite similar population structures. Lithuania had the highest proportion of its population (94.0%) with access to a stroke-ready hospital within 1 h, followed by Latvia (87.1%) and Estonia (84.7%, P < .001). Estonia had the highest proportion of stroke unit admission rates and the lowest mortality rates-9.6% (in-hospital) and 15.0% (30-day) for ischaemic stroke. Endovascular treatment was most frequent in Lithuania (8.6% of all strokes, P < .001), while Estonia had the highest rate of intravenous thrombolysis (29.0%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS:Despite broadly comparable populations and formal SAP-E alignment, the Baltic states exhibit marked differences in stroke access, treatment and outcomes. High stroke unit admissions and high recanalisation rates in Estonia may be associated with lower ischaemic stroke mortality, underscoring the importance of system design beyond geographic coverage alone.
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) 2026 Expert Consensus Pathway on Robotic Cardiac Training outlines principles for the safe initial introduction and subsequent expansion of robotic cardiac programs. The 25-year history of robotic cardiac surgery has established safety and efficacy while providing multiple innovations. There is currently a unique opportunity to coalesce best practices and evidence to inform a recent global surge in interest in incorporating robotic techniques into standard cardiac surgical practice. This consensus is a collaborative effort between the STS Workforce on Evidence Based Surgery, the STS Robotic Cardiac Surgery Taskforce, and multinational leaders in robotic cardiac surgery that aims to standardize initial core principles of preparatory elements, followed by 4 phases of robotic cardiac training to proceed from program commencement to mastery.
