This article addresses the issue of the inapplicability of traditional typologies of the welfare state to the countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG). It outlines the range of factors that have influenced the emergence and development of the welfare state in the region in question. It analyses the main laws and other regulatory legal acts and examines the current state of the welfare state in the countries of the region. A comparison is made between the welfare states of the GCC member states and the classical types of welfare states (as defined by G. Esping-Andersen and R. Titmuss). It has been established that, given the specific characteristics of the formation and development of the welfare state in this region, it is not possible to apply the typologies of R. Titmuss and G. Esping-Andersen to study them. To address this issue, it is proposed to expand the list of criteria serving as the basis for classification or to place these countries in a separate group of states that differ from welfare states.
The chapter discusses the theoretical foundations of the integration of Russian and foreign languages in school education, analyzes its potential and practical mechanisms of implementation. The most productive content areas for interdisciplinary interaction are characterized. Examples of integrated lessons are demonstrated, which contribute to the formation of a holistic philological consciousness among students.
Introduction. This article examines the critical theories formulated by Byung-Chol-Han's predecessors on this topic that influenced his philosophical views on the problem of the mass individual. The aim of the work is to analyze approaches to critical understanding of the phenomenon of the mass individual, undertaken in the first half of the 20th century, beginning with Ortega y Gasset and representatives of the Frankfurt School and continuing through the works of scholars who anticipated the transition to the digital environment (M. Foucault, J. Baudrillard). Content. The work consists of three parts, examining the critical approaches of 20th-century philosophers that influenced Byung-Chol-Han's philosophical vision of the problem of the mass individual in the digital age. The first part examines the characteristics of the mass individual in the context of the platform economy and digital environment, within which their role is being transformed. The second part analyzes the Frankfurt School's critical theories of mass society and mass man, which served as the foundation for Byung-Chol-Han's views on modernizing and strengthening critical theory of society. The third part examines the mechanism of biopower transformation in the context of the new reality from the perspective of several philosophers. Conclusions. The modern technological paradigm and pervasive digitalization have led to changes in numerous societal processes. Under these conditions, 20th-century critical theories of society and mass man have significantly lost their relevance, requiring their updating and partial revision in line with current realities. Building on the experience of his predecessors, Byung-Chol-Han deconstructs critical theories, selecting and updating key ideas from them, and synthesizing new perspectives to describe the new reality.
The article explores the implementation of the constitutional right to housing through the state's housing policy in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It examines federal and regional programs for the construction, modernization, and resettlement of housing, taking into account the extreme climatic conditions and social characteristics of the northern territories. Special attention is given to the integration of energy-efficient technologies, support for indigenous peoples, and the inter-level coordination of government agencies. The article demonstrates that a comprehensive approach ensures the sustainable development of Arctic settlements and improves the quality of life for the local population.
