Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU) (Russian: Российский государственный гидрометеорологический университет) is a coeducational and public research university located in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was founded on July 23, 1930. For all the time RSHU have trained more than 20,000 professionals, with more than 3 000 for foreign countries. Current rector is acting Valeriy Mikheev due to the death of the previous rector Lev Karlin..
Although Passengers’ comfort in subway stations significantly influences their travel experiences and mode choices, objective assessment methods remain underexplored. This study introduces a novel field-based approach utilizing multimodal physiological signals to evaluate comfort across nine functional zones within a subway station, including electroencephalography, eye tracking, electrodermal activity, respiratory rate, and heart rate variability. It uses data from 30 participants to construct a multidimensional physiological index, which is then classified into three discrete comfort levels: comfortable, normal, and uncomfortable. The results demonstrate that multimodal physiological signals effectively capture complex comfort-related states. Distinct comfort patterns emerge among zones: escalators ranked highest in comfort, while station entrances, transfer areas, and elevators ranked as moderate. In contrast, public areas outside fare gates, security check channels, staircases, and waiting areas were consistently ranked lowest. Notably, at fare gates, passengers exhibited stable respiration but elevated emotional tension. These findings provide a neurophysiological foundation for understanding passenger comfort and offer evidence-based design strategies to improve environmental quality in subway stations. This study establishes a replicable methodology for integrating physiological sensing into post-occupancy evaluation and human-centered architectural design.
Sandy-gravel composite strata, including sand-over-gravel and gravel-over-sand configurations, are prone to face instability under insufficient support pressure. The absence of a unified calculation method complicates parameter determination during construction. To establish a unified calculation formula applicable to both types of composite strata, the stratification ratio (sigma, defined as the ratio of the upper soil layer thickness to the cutterhead diameter) and the cutterhead-soil external friction angle (beta, representing the interfacial friction between the cutterhead panel and the surrounding soil) were introduced to evaluate face stability. Experimental validation was conducted using a slurry shield model with an adjustable cutterhead opening ratio. Key findings include the following: (1) Face failure develops through "slow deformation, rapid failure, and instability" stages. The limit support pressure increases linearly with sigma in the sand-over-gravel strata but decreases in the gravel- over-sand strata, whereas the support stress ratio is negatively correlated with the overburden depth. (2) A unified equation is developed by introducing the stratification ratio (sigma), which is defined as the ratio of the thickness of the upper soil layer to the cutterhead diameter, and the cutterhead-soil friction angle (beta), which represents the external friction angle between the cutterhead panel and the surrounding soil, to assess face stability. (3) Cutterhead rotation speed affects surface settlement by exhibiting a staged characteristic of gentle, accelerated, and ultimately saturated development, and the opening ratio is nonlinearly positively correlated with settlement. Compared with the cutterhead parameters, the overburden depth dominated the surface settlement. These findings provide comprehensive insights for optimizing support pressure calculations and controlling ground settlement in composite stratum tunneling projects.
An updated checklist was compiled as a result of the study of the aquatic flora of the Kolguev Island in 2023–2024. Two new species of aquatic vascular plants were found on the Kolguev Island: Potamogeton alpinus and P. berchtoldii. They were collected in a well-studied area of the island in a small lake near Bugrino village. A probable cause of their appearance in the island flora consists in introduction by migratory water birds and subsequent settlement in the water body, which has become a suitable habitat for these pondweeds as a result of climate warming.
The influence of deficiency and excess of essential microelements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, B, Co, and Mo) on human beings, farm animals, and crops and factors affecting their distribution in the soil–plant system are considered. It is shown that liming of acid soils exerts a significant and long-term impact on the availability of microelements for plants and may result in their deficiency in food and animal feed. This technique of soil fertility enhancement affects the elemental status of human beings and farm animals and should be considered as an additional health risk factor. It is shown that the decrease in the yield of many crop plants when complete lime rates are applied may be largely associated with a lack of mobile microelement compounds in the soil. It has been substantiated that, to control the element composition of cultivated plants, the rates of lime ameliorants should maintain the soil acidity at levels that ensure optimal contents of mobile compounds of vital microelements. The deficiency of microelements (Cu, Zn, B, Co, and Mn) in limed soils may be compensated by micronutrient fertilizers.
This paper presents the testing of an autonomous system for measuring water levels in a body of water using a hydrostatic level gauge. A technical description of the system's components, assembly, and operation are provided. The system's startup and calibration processes, conducted on the Oredezh River in the Leningrad Region, are described. The article presents the initial results of the system's operation and identifies further steps for optimizing its performance.
