National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Differential Evolution (DE) has established itself as a leading population-based stochastic optimization technique, widely acclaimed for its conceptual simplicity and effectiveness in handling continuous real-parameter problems. Notwithstanding its broad applicability, the canonical DE framework and many refined variants continue to grapple with two longstanding issues: premature convergence and erosion of population diversity, which become particularly pronounced in complex, multi-modal optimization scenarios. These shortcomings often originate from a suboptimal trade-off between exploratory and exploitative behaviors, ineffective mutation operators during stagnant phases, and diversity preservation approaches that tend to disrupt promising search trajectories. To mitigate these limitations, we present the Dynamic Hybrid Adaptive Differential Evolution (DMADE) algorithm, which introduces three principal innovations: first, a dual-phase parameter adaptation mechanism that employs Gaussian-inspired base components and adaptive perturbations to dynamically regulate exploration-exploitation balance; second, a centroid-driven mutation strategy that utilizes population distribution features to rejuvenate trapped solutions; and third, a diversity enhancement technique grounded in potential energy theory, incorporating dynamic interaction sensing and gradient-based relocation. Empirical studies conducted on the CEC2014, CEC2017, and CEC2022 test suites indicate that DMADE consistently outperforms state-of-the-art DE algorithms in terms of solution precision, convergence rate, and algorithmic stability. The method’s robustness is further substantiated through extensive statistical testing and component-wise ablation experiments, affirming its efficacy in overcoming core challenges prevalent in contemporary evolutionary optimization.

Studies in a model of combined brain and spinal cord injury in Wistar rats showed that the NO content in the injured area of the left frontal lobe of the brain decreased significantly and consistently 24 h after injury. In the contralateral area of the brain (the right frontal lobe), a significant decrease in NO content relative to the level in the control group was also observed, though this was smaller in magnitude and not consistent. The observed decrease in NO content in the frontal lobe tissues of rats 24 h after combined brain and spinal cord injury replicated the reduced NO content in these tissues demonstrated in our previous study one week after the same injury. These results provide new information on the content of free NO in brain tissue damaged during combined brain injury for a period of one day to one week and open up opportunities for seeking new therapeutic methods.

In the present study, miniature cooling channel bundles were proposed for the application of turbine blade cooling. Gas turbines are frequently operated in marine environments with salt fog, which can deteriorate the heat transfer characteristics of mini-channels due to particle deposition. Numerical simulations were conducted to reveal the flow, heat transfer of the dilute salt-fog aerosol, and deposition characteristics of NaCl particles in an S-shaped miniature cooling channel under gas turbine operating conditions. The simulation method utilized the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach combined with the discrete element method (DEM) based on the Euler-Lagrange framework. The effect of Reynolds number (3000 <= Re <= 9000), mono-disperse particle size (dp = 10, 20, 30 mu m), particle inlet volume fraction (epsilon in = 0.5 %, 2 %, 3.5 %), gas temperature (Tg = 600, 700, 800 K), bending angle (30 degrees <= alpha <= 120 degrees), and two different cross-section shapes on the particle deposition location and efficiency in a channel particle-laden wet-air flow were analyzed. Results demonstrated that particle accumulations mainly occurred on the outer wall of the bend sections, especially in the first bend. The increased Reynolds number and increased particle diameter reduced particle deposition on the wall. A relatively higher epsilon inresulted in lower deposition efficiency for larger particles, and the heat transfer rate through the wall increased with increasing epsilon in, especially in the bend sections. Furthermore, the channel with a circular section and alpha = 30 degrees provided the lowest particle deposition efficiency.

Fatty acid ethanolamides exhibit a variety of biological effects. Recently, it has been shown that diethanolamides of palmitic and stearic acids are capable of suppressing the growth of tumor cells. At the same time, these substances are characterized by low solubility in aqueous environments, which necessitates the search for ways to increase their solubility and biological activity. One approach to solving this problem could be the use of analogues of natural metabolites of fatty acid ethanolamides as solubilizers: diethanolammonium salts of fatty acids, which are ionogenic surfactants. The aim of this work is to study the effect of diethanolammonium salts of fatty acids on the solubilization and antitumor effects of palmitoyl and stearoyl diethanolamides. In experiments in vitro, palmitoyl and stearoyl diethanolamides have been shown to inhibit cell growth of C6 and HeLa glioma tumor lines. Diethanolammonium salts of caprylic, capric, lauric, palmitic, and stearic acids have a weak effect on cell growth; however, at the same time, they enhance the inhibitory effect of palmitoyldiethanolamide by 1.1–10.9 times and stearoyldiethanolamide by 1.1–8.3 times. The severity of the inhibitory effects of palmitoyl and stearoyl diethanolamides and their compositions with diethanolammonium salts of fatty acids depends on the dose of the drugs and the cell type. In relation to normal rat brain cells, the effects of the drugs are manifested to a lesser extent compared to the effects on rat C6 glioma tumor cells. In general, the ability of diethanolammonium salts of fatty acids to promote solubilization and enhance the antitumor efficacy of diethanolamides of palmitic and stearic acids has been demonstrated in vitro.

Bats represent a vulnerable group of mammals, and their removal from the wild is exceptionally rare. Consequently, helminthological studies of these animals remain scarce and limited. We examined Barbastella barbastellus specimens that had died of natural causes during hibernation in Belarus. Helminthological examination of the animals revealed two trematode species, i.e. Pycnoporus heteroporus and Plagiorchis koreanus. This is the first study to identify B. barbastellus as a definitive host of Pl. koreanus. Our findings contribute to the understanding of bat helminth fauna in the region and provide new insights into host-parasite relationships. Additionally, we represent the first assessment of intraspecific genetic variability in B. barbastellus in Belarus, clarifying its phylogenetic affinities. All studied specimens belonged to the ‘East-Central Europe’ genetic lineage. While some individuals were associated with the central haplotype or closely related variant, most formed an independent subgroup, suggesting long-term isolation of these populations. Molecular analysis of the detected parasites not only verified their taxonomic status but also revealed genetic divergence among specimens identified as Plagiorchis koreanus.