Coordinates: 50°26′30.85″N 30°30′40.73″E / 50.4419028°N 30.5113139°E / 50.4419028; 30.5113139Kyiv University or Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка), colloquially known as KNU, is located in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. The university is universally recognized as the most prestigious university of Ukraine, being the largest national higher education institution. KNU is ranked within top 650 universities in the world. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and University of Kharkiv. Currently, its structure consists of fifteen faculties (academic departments) and five institutes. It was founded in 1834 by the Russian Tsar Nikolai I as the Kyiv Imperial University of Saint Volodymyr, and since then it has changed its name several times. During the Soviet Union era, Kiev State University was one of the top-three universities in the USSR, along with Moscow State University and Leningrad State University. It is ranked as the best university in Ukraine in many rankings (see below). Throughout history, the university has produced many famous alumni including Mikola Lysenko, Nikolay Bunge, Mykhailo Drahomanov, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Nikolai Berdyaev, Mikhail Bulgakov, Ivan Schmalhausen, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Viacheslav Chornovil, Leonid Kravchuk, and many others. Taras Shevchenko himself, banned from educational activities for political reasons, worked for the Kyiv University as a field researcher...
House size in early agricultural societies is assumed to be mutually conditioned by the “projected” maximal size of a household and its material wealth. This paper presents a probabilistic model distinguishing the impact of these factors on Gini-index inequality estimates derived from the distribution of house floor areas in early agriculturalist groups characterized by a periodic relocation to a new place(s), available construction space within a settlement, and individual houses inhabited by nuclear families. Accordingly, the model is a step towards a large-scale comparative framework with reliable indices of material wealth inequality. In addition, we analyze the impact of population size and settlement span on the variation in house floor areas during three phases of a settlement’s life: formative, developmental, and terminal. The results reveal that during the formative phase of settlement, population structure rather than the population size of the initial settlers is the primary driver of the “projected household size” component of Gini estimates for the analyzed subset of early agriculturalists. Population structure also impacts these estimates in combination with site span in the developmental and terminal phases. The application of the model to a dataset from the Cucuteni-Trypillia mega-site Nebelivka in present-day Ukraine approximates the overwhelming impact of the “projected household size” component on Nebelivka’s time-averaged Gini index.
It has been shown that the thermal decomposition of Co(II) oxalate in a hydrogen atmosphere leads to a mixture of cobalt nanoparticles of hexagonal and cubic modification. The decomposition of heterometallic oxalates obtained as a result of partial substitution of Co(II) by Mg(II) or Mn(II) causes a significant decrease in the average size of the formed Co nanoparticles and an increase in the content of its cubic modification. In the hydrogenation of quinoline on Co and Co-Mg catalysts, a higher yield of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is achieved with an increase of the hexagonal cobalt modification content. In the case of Co-Mn systems, a high yield of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is observed when the content of cubic Co modification is prevailing, which is explained by the promoting effect of Mn.
Isochromen-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones are essential heterocyclic frameworks with significant roles in natural products and medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activities. While isocoumarins are commonly substituted at the C-3 position, C-4-substituted derivatives, particularly 4-acyl- and 4-aroyl-substituted compounds, remain rare but hold unique synthetic and pharmacological potential. This microreview provides a comprehensive overview of all reported synthetic strategies for 4-aroylisocoumarins and 4-aroylisoquinolinones. It highlights key methodologies including tandem reactions, cross coupling, cyclization, and cascade processes while emphasizing reaction efficiency, substrate scope, and methodological limitations. Additionally, the structural diversity and medical relevance of these compounds are discussed, underscoring the need for further development of versatile and scalable synthetic strategies.
Monolith cartridge based on Cs-containing zeolite of BEA structural type was proposed for the catalytic synthesis of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one from styrene epoxide and CO2 in flow reactors. The influence of temperature, CO2 pressure, and reaction mixture flow rate on the product yield and selectivity was shown. It was found that the highest yield of cyclic carbonate was achieved at 150°C, while further temperature increase to 200°C led to lower yields due to side reactions.
Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) phthalocyanines with chalcone-derived out-of-plane ligands were synthesized and characterized by standard spectro-scopic methods. The complexes combine two chromophores, enabling interchromophore interactions that strongly depend on solvent polarity. In toluene, the fluorescence excitation spectra closely follow absorption and include the ligand band, indicating efficient excita-tion energy transfer to the phthalocyanine core. In acetonitrile, the ligand contribution is weak, consistent with the drastic drop in fluores-cence quantum yield of the free ligand (0.2500 → 0.0036). These results reveal pronounced solvent-sensitive photophysical behavior, suggesting that such dual-chromophore phthalocyanines are promising for applications in solar-driven photocatalysis.
