This work presents the experimental characterization and empirical modeling of the dielectric properties at microwave frequencies of two conductive liquid systems: de-ionized water/herbicide mixtures and lithium-salt electrolyte solutions, relevant to environmental/health monitoring and energy storage applications, respectively. Measurements are performed using the coaxial probe technique over a frequency range starting from 500 MHz and up to some tenths of GHz. The dielectric permittivity at various concentration levels is modeled using the single-pole Debye model with frequency-dependent conductivity component. The electrode polarization effect at the probe-sample interface is systematically analyzed, proposing a low-frequency measurement limit that shifts toward higher frequencies as the conductivity increases; a relative-deviation analysis on both permittivity components quantitatively assesses this limitation. Within the validated frequency range, the Debye formulation accurately reproduces the properties of both liquid systems, showing that conductive and interfacial effects dominate at the lower frequencies while dipolar relaxation prevails at higher frequencies.
ABSTRACT The hydrodynamic cosmological simulation, TNG50, is employed to conduct an analysis of multispin galaxies that exhibit ringed structures composed of gas and stars that orbit nearly perpendicular around a host galaxy, known as polar ring galaxies (PRG). To ensure a robust sample, we select subhaloes based on the angle subtended by the angular momentum profiles, as well as on a visual inspection. The analysis is focused on galaxies with stellar masses greater than 10$^{9}$ M$_\odot$. In addition, a dynamic decomposition is employed to separate the stellar and gaseous ring from the host galaxy. This results in a sample of 32 subhaloes with PRGs. This sample exhibits properties similar to those observed. These include colours typical of early-type galaxies (ETGs) or those transitioning toward blue systems. Most host galaxies are classified as ETGs, with 37.5 per cent exhibiting a disc-dominated morphology. The mean bulge-to-total (B/T) ratio is 0.64. Rings have average radii that are 2.36 and 3.41 times larger than their effective radii for the stellar and gaseous components, respectively, with star formation occurring predominantly within the rings. In contrast with observations, rings in the simulation tend to be less massive and slightly less perpendicular. The obtained sample displays a variety of host galaxy morphologies, including wide and narrow rings, providing a robust framework for studying the varied structural characteristics of PRG variants.
In this paper we present 127 new host-galaxy identifications for G4Jy sources (S_151MHz > 4 Jy), based on radio images from MeerKAT, the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS), and the Rapid ASKAP (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder) Continuum Survey (RACS). This includes identifications that result from visual inspection of radio contours on K_s-band images, as opposed to the AllWISE-W1 images that were used for the original set of overlays when defining the G4Jy Sample (Papers I and II). Our aim is to achieve 100 per cent spectroscopic completeness for the sample, where all of the spectroscopy is available in digital form online. For now, we have gathered (i) digital optical spectroscopy for 34 per cent of the sample, (ii) photometric redshifts for an additional 21 per cent of the sample, and (iii) further redshifts found through the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (but not recently verified). Our assessment of the redshifts includes visual inspection of all of the digital spectroscopy, and re-fitting redshift templates where necessary. The resulting redshift range is (currently) 0.0 < z < 3.6. We also present 151-MHz luminosities and linear sizes for the G4Jy Sample, based on initial analysis.
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a molecularly heterogeneous malignancy with limited therapeutic biomarkers. While transcriptomic studies have identified dysregulated genes, their prognostic relevance, proteomic concordance, and interactions with hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations remain underexplored. Methods: We integrated multi-omics analyses of two independent HCC cohorts (GEO datasets), proteomic profiling, survival data, HBV mutation associations, immune cell infiltration, drug sensitivity (GDSC), and genomic alteration patterns to define drivers of HCC progression. Results: We identified 23 genes, including AURKA, CDK1, MKI67, linked to poor survival and genomic instability, and three protective genes (PLVAP, GSTA4, GREB1). HBV mutations (PreS, A1762T/G1764A) correlated with elevated expression of proliferative (TOP2A, RRM2) and metabolic (SQLE) genes, particularly in genotype C HCC. Despite minimal pathological stage variation, tumors exhibited robust cell cycle/EMT pathway activation (ASPM, CCNB1), highlighting molecular heterogeneity. Proliferative genes paradoxically associated with regulatory immune subsets (B cells, nTregs) and immunosuppression. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed ASPM and STMN1 as therapeutic vulnerabilities, while SPP1 and PRKAA2 marked resistance. Genomic profiling confirmed frequent mutations/CNAs in poor-prognosis genes (MKI67, CDKN2A) and stability in protective genes. Conclusion: This study establishes a multi-omics framework linking HBV-driven oncogenesis, genomic instability, and immune evasion to HCC progression. Prognostic signatures and pathway activation patterns advocate for molecular subtyping to complement clinical staging. The dual association of proliferative genes with immune suppression and drug sensitivity highlights opportunities for combinatorial therapies targeting oncogenic drivers (CDK1, ASPM) and immune checkpoints. These findings advance precision oncology strategies in HBV-associated HCC.
This paper presents an advanced real-time framework for analyzing p-phase electrical networks by examining symmetric components across multiple harmonic levels. The proposed method is based on a linear oscillator and a bank of multiple resonant linear oscillators serving as quadrature signal generators, each tuned to specific harmonic frequencies, allowing simultaneous estimation of amplitude, phase angle, and phase shift for positive, negative, and homopolar sequences. A novel metric, the Total Harmonic Distortion and Unbalance Factor (THD-UF and THD-UF*), is introduced to quantify distortion and asymmetry per symmetrical sequence, providing a comprehensive indicator of power quality. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through simulations, embedded implementations, and measurements obtained from a real electrical grid. Specifically, the theoretical and practical analysis was carried out for a three-phase electrical network, focusing on the estimation of the fundamental component and multiple harmonic orders. From a practical perspective, the methodology was implemented on two embedded platforms to support experimental validation. In a first stage, a Raspberry Pi was used to characterize processing latency and timing behavior under constrained hardware conditions. Later, a Zynq-7000 system-on-chip was used for real-time acquisition and processing of the three-phase electrical network system, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed framework for real-time execution requirements in power-system monitoring applications.
