The National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) (Somali: Hay'ada Sirdoonka iyo Nabadsugida Qaranka (HSNQ)) is the national intelligence agency of the Federal Republic of Somalia. It is headquartered in Mogadishu. The NISA is also closely intertwined with the Somali Armed Forces and regularly cooperates with them.The agency was established in January 2013 by the new Federal Government of Somalia in place of the defunct National Security Service. The agency is assisted by the African Union Mission in Somalia. According to the former Minister of State for the Presidency Abdulkadir Moallin Noor, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency also provided training to NISA officials during the latter agency's formative stages.NISA personnel have conducted security operations against Al-Shabaab elements in the capital.
In this paper, we address the task of information extraction for transcript meetings. Meeting documents are not usually well structured and are lacking formatting and punctuations. In addition, the information are distributed over multiple sentences. We experimentally investigate the usefulness of numerical statistics and topic modelling methods on a real dataset containing multi-part dialogue texts. Such information extraction can be used for different tasks, of which we consider two: contrasting thematically related but distinct meetings from each other, and contrasting meetings involving the same participants from those involving other. In addition to demonstrating the difference between counting and topic modeling results, we also evaluate our experiments with respect to the gold standards provided for the dataset.
In the recent literature of Graph Neural Networks (GNN), the expressive power of models has been studied through their capability to distinguish if two given graphs are isomorphic or not. Since the graph isomorphism problem is NP-intermediate, and Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) test can give sufficient but not enough evidence in polynomial time, the theoretical power of GNNs is usually evaluated by the equivalence of WL-test order, followed by an empirical analysis of the models on some reference inductive and transductive datasets. However, such analysis does not account the signal processing pipeline, whose capability is generally evaluated in the spectral domain. In this paper, we argue that a spectral analysis of GNNs behavior can provide a complementary point of view to go one step further in the understanding of GNNs. By bridging the gap between the spectral and spatial design of graph convolutions, we theoretically demonstrate some equivalence of the graph convolution process regardless it is designed in the spatial or the spectral domain. Using this connection, we managed to re-formulate most of the state-of-the-art graph neural networks into one common framework. This general framework allows to lead a spectral analysis of the most popular GNNs, explaining their performance and showing their limits according to spectral point of view. Our theoretical spectral analysis is confirmed by experiments on various graph databases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the necessity of high and/or band-pass filters on a graph dataset, while the majority of GNN is limited to only low-pass and inevitably it fails.
Learning strategies like integrating Islamic values into learning can be applied to improve learning outcomes. Integrating Islamic values into learning science and technology provides opportunities for students to integrate science and technology with concepts and experiences in real life as Muslims so that they can feel that their learning is meaningful. This study aims to investigate the effect of learning science and technology that is integrated with Islamic values on the expected learning outcomes (ELO) of students. The learning material covers the basic material of science and technology. The population included lecturers and second-year students of the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) Bourges France. Data were analysed using the Revised Ones Assignment Method. The results show that learning science and technology integrated with Islamic values has a significant effect on the expected learning outcomes of students. To achieve this, a minimum cost incurred by universities in France of 38 Euros was spent for six lecturers. They were assigned to ensure that students could explain education and its various terms (ELO1), the basis and scope of Islamic Education (ELO2), the objectives of Islamic Education (ELO3), Islamic Education methods (ELO4), Islamic Education material (ELO5), and Islamic Education evaluation (ELO6).
More and more uses and applications are being given to local climate zone (LCZ) maps, which describe the structure of the urban and semi-urban areas. Among others, it is worth highlighting its use in studies of urban heat islands (UHI), sustainability and urban energy balance. Even if the classes are well described in the literature, it is difficult to estimate the general precision of these classification maps because the classification is highly dependent of the urban typology of the city under study. However, LCZ maps represent a reference in the field of urban climatology. This research work aims to make use of these maps to explain the strong influence of LCZ classes on land surface temperature (LST) and, consequently, on air temperature (AT). This kind of investigations will help us to explain the outliers observed in previous work between LST and AT at specific locations in the city of Strasbourg for the period 2012–2019. The LST data were obtained from the thermal infrared data of both ASTER (with 90-m spatial resolution and 16-days temporal resolution) and MODIS satellite (with 1-km spatial resolution and daily revisit period). The reference ATs were obtained from different field measurement provided by a huge network of meteorological stations distributed in the city of Strasbourg. The comparison of measured ATs and remote LSTs provide the opportunity to thoroughly evaluate the relationship between these two parameters both during the day and night, for different land covers and for different times of the year. Finally, UHI maps of Strasbourg for every season are presented.
O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as percepções de risco e benefício de uma comunidade rural sobre o projeto de integração das bacias hidrográficas do São Francisco na Paraíba. Para isto, testamos a hipótese de que as percepções são influenciadas pelas atividades ocupacionais e gênero dos participantes. As comunidades rurais do entorno do reservatório de Poções (Monteiro - PB), o qual é o receptor das águas do projeto de integração do rio São Francisco no estado, foram visitadas entre agosto e outubro de 2015. Os moradores foram questionados sobre as possibilidades de riscos e benefícios do projeto para resolver o problema de água na região. As respostas foram agrupadas em categorias e foram calculados os índices de incidência de risco, de benefício e beneficência. A percepção de risco dos moradores teve baixa incidência, embora o gênero tenha influenciado a percepção de risco da comunidade, sendo os problemas sociais e ambientais, melhor percebidos pelas mulheres enquanto a maioria dos homens não conseguiu identificar riscos associados ao projeto. A disponibilidade de água é o benefício mais incidente, seguido das possibilidades de atividades ocupacionais. Para o índice de beneficência, a atividade ocupacional influenciou as percepções. Pescadores e aposentados foram associados à variável atividade ocupacional, enquanto domésticas e agricultores foram associados principalmente às variáveis disponibilidade e qualidade da água. Não há diferenças significativas relacionadas à questão de gênero para benefícios, embora a maioria das mulheres tenha apontado benefícios relacionados à disponibilidade de água.
