This study explores the impact of various antidiabetic medications on modulating inflammatory markers and adiponectin levels, providing insights into their potential therapeutic benefits. We conducted a cross-sectional study at (name blinded for peer-review), including 360 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participants were divided into four groups according to treatment regimen. Clinical and biochemical parameters were measured, including fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and adiponectin. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni correction), and multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and disease duration. The cohort (n = 360) had a median age of 50–56 years, with 48.1
The high prevalence of depression, stress, and anxiety imposes a high cost on society. Recently, intermittent fasting (IF) has attracted a great deal of attention regarding the improvement in physical and psychological health. Due to insufficient information in this field, our study will review systematically the effect of different types of IF including religious and nonreligious fasting on mental health. We will search MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for papers published from the inception until the end of September 2024. All clinical trial studies that report the effect of intervention through intermittent fasting on mood disorders, stress, depression, and anxiety, in all countries, with their full text available in the English and Persian languages, will be included. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials will be used to evaluate the quality of evidence in the domains of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, selective reporting, other bias, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessment, and incomplete outcome data. We will conduct the study in accordance with the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses Protocols. Our systematic review will clarify the answer of some important questions like “Does fasting interventions have any effectiveness on stress, anxiety and depression”? and “Are there differences between the effects of Ramadan fasting and other types of fasting on mental health”? It is hoped that the results can provide a new treatment for the most prevalent mental disorders.
Background and Objectives: Evidence shows that blood lipid disorders in people are influenced by their unhealthy diet. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the dietary pattern of people with lipid disorders and the status of non-communicable diseases in the studied population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients with lipid disorders. The participants were selected among people with lipids who referred to comprehensive health service centers in Alvand city by multistage sampling method. The data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The findings were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Three dietary patterns including healthy, unhealthy and average were identified in the research participants. Most people (66.3%) followed a moderate dietary pattern. Also, 85% of people were overweight or obese. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that an unhealthy eating pattern increases the likelihood of developing diseases by 2.267 times compared to a healthy eating pattern. It also showed that with increasing age, the probability of contracting the disease increases by 1.093. Also, there was a significant relationship between food pattern and education level (P<0.05). In this study, there was no significant relationship between age, marital status of people and their food pattern (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that people who follow an unhealthy food pattern have more non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it seems that modifying the food pattern through nutrition education is appropriate and can be effective in preventing other non-communicable diseases in the future.
Background and Objectives: Considering the importance of prevention and effective community-based interventions in reducing the psychological and economic burdens of cancers, and focusing on modifiable risk factors, the present study was designed and conducted with regard to several of these factors. Methods: This case-control study included 211 patients with various types of cancer and 322 controls selected from the PARSA health system. Primary exposures of interest included fast food consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels, while the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to measure fast food and fruit and vegetable consumption. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Logistic regression analysis indicated that inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption compared to adequate intake was associated with odds ratios of 4.49 and 4.042, respectively, for increased cancer risk. In addition, lower fast food consumption (OR = 0.466)] was associated with a 53% reduction in cancer risk. Physical activity [at the walking level] was statistically significant, although the effect size was very weak. Occupation, gender, education level, family history, and age showed statistically significant relationships with cancer, while other demographic variables showed no significant association. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study and other evidence, as well as the fact that dietary patterns and physical activity are modifiable risk factors, appropriate interventions can play a preventive role in reducing the incidence of chronic diseases. This requires improving community awareness and designing and implementing effective interventions.
Background: Accelerated recovery from bone injuries is a paramount health-care goal with substantial impacts on physical status and overall well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of colostrum supplementation on bone healing in patients with a traumatic extracapsular hip fracture (ECF). Methods: Patients with an ECF undergoing internal fixation were randomly assigned to receive either bovine colostrum or whey protein. Bone healing was assessed using the Radiographic Union Score for Hip (RUSH). Physical rehabilitation was evaluated using the Harris hip score (HHS) and the Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) within 3 months postoperatively. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to assess the time-by-group interactions of these longitudinal variables. Patients were monitored for postoperative complications for 12 months, with the risk difference (RD) and risk ratio (RR) calculated. Results: A total of 116 patients with an ECF were included in the final analysis (colostrum group, n = 59; whey group, n = 57). Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, and body mass index, were similar between the groups (p > 0.05 for all). The colostrum group had a significantly greater increase in the RUSH score (β = 0.88; p = 0.001) and HHS (β = 1.2; p = 0.001) over time compared with the whey group. SMFA dysfunction and bother indices demonstrated significantly greater decreases over time in the colostrum group compared with the whey group (β = −1.2 and −2.4, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusions: The present study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that colostrum may accelerate bone healing and enhance short-term physical rehabilitation outcomes more effectively than whey protein. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
