Solar-driven desalination provides a sustainable approach to address global freshwater scarcity, yet its application is significantly hindered by mechanical instability and salt accumulation issues in conventional evaporators. Here, we report a mechanically robust, salt-resistant, and highly efficient three-dimensional hydrogel evaporator (TF/CB@SA/MF-SiO2) that integrates tannic acid-Fe3+ complexes (TF), carbon black (CB), SiO2 nanoparticles, and sodium alginate (SA) within a porous melamine foam (MF) scaffold. The CB and TF components provide broadband (>97 %) light absorption from 250 to 2500 nm, while the in situ-formed SA-SiO2 hydrogel network reinforces the composite structure through strong interfacial bonding, restricting polymer chain mobility and improving compressive strength and elasticity. Under standard one-sun irradiation, the evaporator maintains a high evaporation rate of 2.06 kg m(-2) h(-1) and demonstrates remarkable long-term stability even under high salinity conditions (up to 20 wt% NaCl). Mechanical testing reveals that the combined CB-SiO2 reinforcement yields minimal deformation and superior recovery. Practical outdoor tests confirm the evaporator's reliability, yielding freshwater meeting WHO drinking water standards. This multifunctional evaporator demonstrates long-term durability and high salt rejection, providing a viable pathway toward scalable, off-grid desalination and wastewater purification.
Magnesium hydride (MgH2 ) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material, while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi3 -S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH2 . Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi3 -S into MgH2 significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption. The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH2 + 10 wt% FeNi3 -S composite was 202 degrees C, which was 123 degrees C lower than that of pure MgH2 . At 325 degrees C, the MgH2 + 10 wt% FeNi3 -S composite released 6.57 wt% H2 (fully dehydrogenated) within 10 0 0 s. Remarkably, MgH2 + 10 wt% FeNi3 -S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H2 within 30 min at 100 degrees C. Moreover, 6.3 wt% H2 was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 degrees C, demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH2 + 10 wt% FeNi3 -S composite. The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi3 -S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH2 ( Ea = 98.6 kJ/mol and 43.3 kJ/mol, respectively). Through phase and microstructural analysis, it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg2 Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH2 /Mg2 NiH4 + Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg2 Ni/Mg2 NiH4 served as "hydrogen pump" and Fe/MgS served as "hydrogen diffusion channel", thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules. In conclusion, this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH2 , which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
A simple strategy involving phosphorus-driven electronic modulation on CoP/Co@NC heterostructure was developed and employed in this study to achieve high catalytic performance in NaBH4 hydrolysis. The successfully constructed heterojunction structure was confirmed through XRD, SEM, TEM, and other characterization techniques. Subsequent performance tests on the heterogeneous CoP/Co@NC revealed its exceptional activity: under identical loadings, it outperformed the reference by roughly twofold. After sequentially varying the test conditions, CoP/Co@NC consistently exhibited superior performance across all evaluations. In-depth analysis of the catalytic mechanism uncovered that the high catalytic activity originated from an unstable surface electronic structure, which weaken the interaction forces between adsorbents. Both phosphorus pretreatment and subsequent boron recycling substantially altered the surface electronic structure, maintaining it in a state of constant instability. This finding pioneer a new route to non-noble-metal catalyst discovery and may shed light on future eminent works on catalytic hydrogen production systems.
The article discusses issues that arise when calculating the strength of rolling stock. Calculation of a model 15-1210-A tank car was carried out in accordance with the requirements, the provision of which is regulated by document [1]. The article describes the complex of calculations, the stress–strain state of the model 15-1210-A tank car, as well as describing the main disadvantages of the existing heater and draws conclusions based on the results of calculations.
Introduction. Low-weight fetus and fetal growth retardation syndrome remain an urgent problem in modern obstetrics due to the high risk of perinatal morbidity. The aim is to evaluate the informative value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of these conditions and to analyze associated risk factors. Materials and Methods. A retrospective and prospective analysis of 187 clinical observations of pregnant women registered at the Saransk women's clinic (April – December 2025) was carried out. Ultrasound fetometry with Dopplerometry was performed on an ALOKA ProSound A6 device at standard screening times. Results. The incidence of low-weight fetus and fetal growth retardation syndrome in the sample was 14% (n = 26). The informative value of ultrasound diagnostics has reached 100 % for fetal growth retardation syndrome and 80 % for low-weight fetuses. The dynamics after 32 weeks of gestation showed normalization of parameters in 39 % of fetuses with initial weight deficiency. The leading risk factors were: maternal age over 30 years old (38 %), smoking (23), umbilical cord and placental abnormalities (19 %). Conclusion. Ultrasonography is a highly accurate method of verifying fetal growth retardation, which allows timely correction of pregnancy management tactics. The identified risk factors must be taken into account for the formation of dynamic monitoring groups.
