Solar-driven desalination provides a sustainable approach to address global freshwater scarcity, yet its application is significantly hindered by mechanical instability and salt accumulation issues in conventional evaporators. Here, we report a mechanically robust, salt-resistant, and highly efficient three-dimensional hydrogel evaporator (TF/CB@SA/MF-SiO2) that integrates tannic acid-Fe3+ complexes (TF), carbon black (CB), SiO2 nanoparticles, and sodium alginate (SA) within a porous melamine foam (MF) scaffold. The CB and TF components provide broadband (>97 %) light absorption from 250 to 2500 nm, while the in situ-formed SA-SiO2 hydrogel network reinforces the composite structure through strong interfacial bonding, restricting polymer chain mobility and improving compressive strength and elasticity. Under standard one-sun irradiation, the evaporator maintains a high evaporation rate of 2.06 kg m(-2) h(-1) and demonstrates remarkable long-term stability even under high salinity conditions (up to 20 wt% NaCl). Mechanical testing reveals that the combined CB-SiO2 reinforcement yields minimal deformation and superior recovery. Practical outdoor tests confirm the evaporator's reliability, yielding freshwater meeting WHO drinking water standards. This multifunctional evaporator demonstrates long-term durability and high salt rejection, providing a viable pathway toward scalable, off-grid desalination and wastewater purification.
Magnesium hydride (MgH2 ) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material, while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi3 -S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH2 . Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi3 -S into MgH2 significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption. The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH2 + 10 wt% FeNi3 -S composite was 202 degrees C, which was 123 degrees C lower than that of pure MgH2 . At 325 degrees C, the MgH2 + 10 wt% FeNi3 -S composite released 6.57 wt% H2 (fully dehydrogenated) within 10 0 0 s. Remarkably, MgH2 + 10 wt% FeNi3 -S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H2 within 30 min at 100 degrees C. Moreover, 6.3 wt% H2 was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 degrees C, demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH2 + 10 wt% FeNi3 -S composite. The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi3 -S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH2 ( Ea = 98.6 kJ/mol and 43.3 kJ/mol, respectively). Through phase and microstructural analysis, it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg2 Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH2 /Mg2 NiH4 + Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg2 Ni/Mg2 NiH4 served as "hydrogen pump" and Fe/MgS served as "hydrogen diffusion channel", thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules. In conclusion, this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH2 , which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
A simple strategy involving phosphorus-driven electronic modulation on CoP/Co@NC heterostructure was developed and employed in this study to achieve high catalytic performance in NaBH4 hydrolysis. The successfully constructed heterojunction structure was confirmed through XRD, SEM, TEM, and other characterization techniques. Subsequent performance tests on the heterogeneous CoP/Co@NC revealed its exceptional activity: under identical loadings, it outperformed the reference by roughly twofold. After sequentially varying the test conditions, CoP/Co@NC consistently exhibited superior performance across all evaluations. In-depth analysis of the catalytic mechanism uncovered that the high catalytic activity originated from an unstable surface electronic structure, which weaken the interaction forces between adsorbents. Both phosphorus pretreatment and subsequent boron recycling substantially altered the surface electronic structure, maintaining it in a state of constant instability. This finding pioneer a new route to non-noble-metal catalyst discovery and may shed light on future eminent works on catalytic hydrogen production systems.
Invasive plant species present a growing ecological and economic challenge, and often adapt rapidly to their novel environments through complex demographic and evolutionary processes. Invasion genomics offers powerful tools to disentangle these processes, but most studies rely on geographically narrow sampling across native and non-native ranges. Erigeron canadensis is a cosmopolitan weed native to North America that has successfully invaded diverse climates worldwide. We used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of 280 E. canadensis populations across the Northern Hemisphere. We found that native and non-native populations maintained comparable genetic diversity. Population structure analyses revealed four genetic clusters that were mainly differentiated along latitudinal and aridity gradients. However, one cluster was strongly overrepresented in the non-native compared to the native range. In the native range, genetic differentiation was shaped by spatial and environmental gradients, while in non-native regions human-mediated dispersal and repeated introductions disrupted environmentally driven genetic structure. Migration network analyses revealed limited intercontinental connectivity and a possible role of long-distance dispersal in within-range expansions. Genomic offset analyses showed that genotype-environment mismatches in non-native populations associated with reduced growth and reproduction. Together, our results indicate that the invasion dynamics of E. canadensis were driven by multiple introductions, population admixture, and lineage sorting, while some genotypes contributed disproportionately to the spread of this invader. The presence of apparent maladaptation suggests that even long-established invaders may still be evolving in response to their novel environment, raising concerns about potential future expansions.
The article discusses issues that arise when calculating the strength of rolling stock. Calculation of a model 15-1210-A tank car was carried out in accordance with the requirements, the provision of which is regulated by document [1]. The article describes the complex of calculations, the stress–strain state of the model 15-1210-A tank car, as well as describing the main disadvantages of the existing heater and draws conclusions based on the results of calculations.
