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De vraag of gezondheidsverschillen over tijd groter of kleiner worden is complex. Wij beschrijven een methode om veranderingen over de tijd te toetsen, toegepast op verschillen in overgewicht tussen opleidingsgroepen. De jaarlijkse gezondheidsenquêtes (1999–2023) zijn gebruikt voor het berekenen van de Slope Index of Inequality (SII) voor absolute gezondheidsverschillen en de Relative Index of Inequality (RII) voor relatieve gezondheidsverschillen. Hiervoor wordt de relatieve opleidingspositie gebruikt. De keuze voor de SII en RII kwam tot stand na advies van Nederlandse experts op het gebied van gezondheidsonderzoek. Tussen 1999 en 2023 nam overgewicht in alle opleidingsgroepen toe. De analyse met de SII laat zien dat het aantal mensen met overgewicht sneller steeg in de groep laagst opgeleiden dan in de groep hoogst opgeleiden (SIItrend 0,005; 95
Uniform mixing of a liquid injectant into a high-momentum flux gaseous flow constitutes a significant engineering challenge with valuable applications. This study characterizes the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of an ethanol jet in supersonic crossflow and the use of an oblique shock to enhance atomization of the far-field plume. Momentum flux ratios of the injectant vary from 0.7 to 7.3 and correspond to the catastrophic breakup regime with Weber numbers above 5000. A baseline converging-diverging flow path with a 25.4 mm throat height is installed in a blowdown wind tunnel to produce a Mach 2 air flow, and a 6 deg ramp is included to produce an oblique shock that impinges the spray 15 cm downstream of the injector. Plain orifice injectors of 1 and 2 mm diameter are used to inject ethanol. In the axial plane, a simultaneous Mie scatter-laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging technique is used to measure contours of SMD. A calibration of this technique is conducted with simultaneous phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) measurements, and the convergence characteristics of the mean SMD and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are computed for every test case. The dynamic behavior and interplay between the injection bow shock, the spray, and the impinging oblique shock is studied through schlieren imaging, and its effect on the droplet size is compared with the baseline configuration.
The Sidi-Thabet fault, a key structure within the Atlas-Tell orogenic belt in northern Tunisia, illustrates the complex interplay between inherited Tethyan extensional features and subsequent compressional deformation during Tertiary African-Eurasian plate convergence. This study provides insights into the recent activity and seismotectonic significance of the fault by combining geological mapping, shallow geophysical surveys and morphotectonic analysis with seismic and focal mechanism studies. Steeply dipping fault planes, brittle fracture zones and vertical displacements affecting Quaternary and Cretaceous strata are evident from seismic refraction and electrical resistivity tomography. The evidence for recent fault reactivation is further supported by morphotectonic markers. These include displaced calcrete beds, fresh scarps, and disrupted landforms. The focal mechanism analysis indicates a predominantly compressional tectonic regime with secondary normal faulting. This emphasizes that this fault accommodates both transpressional shortening and vertical uplift along its segmented trace. The presence of ductile salt layers enhances deformation complexity, driving differential uplift and influencing the architecture of fault-related folds. These results confirm that the Sidi-Thabet Fault is a major zone of active deformation within the Tunisian Atlas, emphasizing its critical role in seismic hazard assessment, especially given its proximity to Tunis, a city of three million people located just south of the fault.
Objectives:To assess treatment and identify predictive factors of worsening in COVID-19 patients. Methods:This study was ambispective (both prospective and retrospective) and part of a multidisciplinary, multicenter project designed to generate epidemiological, sociological and anthropological data about the COVID-19 epidemic in Burkina Faso. Medical records of patients admitted for COVID-19 at the hospitals of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso from March 2020 to April 2021 were reviewed. To identify predictive factors of severe complications, we used Poisson regression models. Results:In total, 1,511 patients were included, of whom 70% were aged ≤50 years, 59% were men and 97% were living in an urban area. Of the 86% of patients treated, 92.9% of them received the combo Azithromycin-hydroxychloroquine. A total of 78 (5.2%) patients experienced complications during hospitalization, and 49 (3.3%) patients died. Multivariate analysis identified patient's age, residence and comorbidity as factors associated with poor outcomes. Conclusions:Although most people had symptoms, most of them recovered without sequelae, and few patients had severe forms of disease. Age was a strong predictor of worse outcomes in this population.
The broad point spread function of the NuSTAR telescope makes resolving astronomical X-ray sources a challenging task, especially for off-axis observations. This limitation has affected the observations of the high-mass X-ray binary pulsars SXP 15.3 and SXP 305, in which pulsations are detected from nearly overlapping regions without spatially resolving these X-ray sources. To address this issue, we introduce a deconvolution algorithm designed to enhance NuSTAR’s spatial resolution for closely spaced X-ray sources. We apply this technique to archival data and simulations of synthetic point sources placed at varying separations and locations, testing the algorithm’s efficacy in source detection and differentiation. Our study confirms that on some occasions when SXP 305 is brighter, SXP 15.3 is also resolved, suggesting that some prior non-detections may have resulted from imaging limitations. This deconvolution technique represents a proof of concept test for analyzing crowded fields in the sky with closely spaced X-ray sources in future NuSTAR observations.
