National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia

The article proposes a probabilistic model for assessing the risk of road accidents on sections of highways with three-dimensional pedestrian markings. The aim of the study is to develop an approach to quantifying the risk of an accident based on the parameters of the spatial geometry of the road profile and traffic conditions. The model is based on the integration of methods of three-dimensional geometric modeling of road infrastructure, analysis of curve radii, longitudinal and transverse slopes, visibility zones and statistical forecasting of accidents using logistic regression. The model also takes into account external factors, including the speed of vehicles, weather conditions, and time of day. To form a vector of features, key parameters of the road infrastructure were identified, the impact of which on the probability of accidents was assessed using weighting coefficients. The results show that small curve radii, significant longitudinal slopes and limited visibility range have the greatest impact on the risk of an accident. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the developed model in analyzing the safety of road infrastructure and identifying potentially dangerous sections of highways. The use of three-dimensional pedestrian markings can help reduce the speed of movement and increase the attention of drivers, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis.

Conventional reclamation of saline-sodic heavy-textured soils faces serious economic and environmental barriers, including the need for closely spaced drainage systems (5–36 m), high implementation costs (US30,000–35,000 per ha), and ecological risks associated with acid ameliorants. Electro-reclamation, although promising, has been largely dismissed for such soils due to excessive unproductive energy losses. This study aimed to identify economically viable and environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional reclamation techniques by evaluating the potential of localized electro-reclamation. The proposed method targets small, specific micro-areas (1.0 × 1.0 m2) directly beneath orchard trees irrigated via drip systems. By reducing electrode spacing to 2 cm and lowering the required electric current voltage to 5–6 V, this approach substantially reduces energy consumption and capital costs. Laboratory lysimetric experiments demonstrated that using mineralized groundwater (4 g·L−1) in combination with electro-reclamation significantly accelerates desalination and dealkalization, increasing soil filtration rates by 7.5 times compared to fresh water. The proposed method requires an investment of approximately US5,365, which is 5.6 to 6.5 times lower than the cost of traditional reclamation methods with expected payback within 1.5 years under fruit production, or 2.8 years with agro-amelioration and subsequent cultivation. This precision-based approach offers a scalable, energy-efficient, and environmentally sustainable solution for reclaiming saline-alkaline soils in arid and semi-arid regions. The findings present a viable pathway for transforming marginal lands into productive orchards and provide land managers and policymakers with a cost-effective tool to improve soil health, optimize water use, and enhance agricultural sustainability.

This study investigates the natural ventilation systems integrated into the historical architectural structures of Togh village in the historical province of Dizak in Artsakh. The village is situated on the eastern slope of Mount Togh and has been inhabited since ancient times. At its center stands the eighteenth-century Melik Yegan Palace. The study aims to identify the design principles of the natural ventilation systems, analyze their spatial and structural characteristics, and evaluate their functional significance. The relevance of the research is driven by the need to study and preserve traditional engineering solutions in historical architecture, while its scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of the ventilation systems preserved in Togh’s historical buildings. The research employs architectural analysis, field observations, and comparative methods. The results demonstrate that passive ventilation operated not only in residential spaces but also in basements, including rooms without direct external openings. The study identifies the structural characteristics and spatial organization of these systems and highlights their role in regulating the indoor microclimate. The findings have practical significance for the conservation and restoration of historical buildings and may also contribute to the development of contemporary sustainable architectural design.

Dashtadem Fortress is located in Ayrarat province of historical Armenia, in a relatively flat landscape, unlike the majority of Armenian defensive structures. In addition to being a multi-layered historical, archaeological, and architectural monument, Dashtadem Fortress served as a crucial military, defensive, and strategic stronghold. In various periods of its existence, it provided refuge for different princely dynasties and controlled the Ani-Dvin road. The monument is situated adjacent to one of the oldest Armenian settlements; to the south of the fortress lie the ruins of the ancient settlement of Kagheni and the St. Kristapor Church (7th century).

Construction projects increasingly face logistical inefficiencies affecting schedule reliability, cost control, and resource utilization, particularly under supply variability and spatial constraints. Construction logistics includes procurement planning, transportation, storage, on-site handling, scheduling, and information-flow coordination. Construction logistics is examined as an integrated component of organizational and technological construction management, while Building Information Modeling (BIM) is considered a digital platform for coordinating and controlling logistics processes. A comparative case study of two large-scale residential projects implemented by the same developer at different lifecycle stages in the Republic of Armenia was conducted using descriptive indicators of delivery lead times, emergency interventions, storage dependency, and work disruptions. The results indicate that delayed BIM implementation is associated with greater logistics variability, reliance on emergency procurement, and logistics-driven work interruptions. Early BIM-based logistics integration improves predictability, reduces reactive interventions, and enhances process controllability. A BIM-based organizational and technological framework for improving construction logistics performance is proposed.