Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy (NVNA) (Bulgarian: Висше Военноморско Училище "Никола Йонков Вапцаров", ВВМУ) is the oldest technical educational institution in the Republic of Bulgaria. Its history, past and present achievements establish the institution as the most prestigious centre for training of maritime (merchant marine and Navy) specialists in the country. Its development over the years resembles a navigable river, into which many tributaries flow, as well as the "prototypes" of the present-day faculties, departments, and vocational colleges constituting the Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy.The foundations of maritime education in this country were laid in the city of Ruse pursuant to Circular order №7/January 16, 1881 of the Ministry of War of the Principality of Bulgaria. The circular order announced the establishment of a Maritime School, as of January 9, 1881.History has retained the name of the founder of the institution, lieutenant commander Alexander Egorovich Konkevich, "Superintendent" of the Fleet and the Maritime Unit (the official name of the Bulgarian Navy in the 19th century).
The imbalance and asymmetry change the shape of the voltage and current, which disrupts the operation of the synchronous generator and other elements of the power system (PES). The asymmetrical load is simulated in a phase coordinate system a, b, c, and the synchronous generator in a Cartesian coordinate system $d, q, 0$. The mathematical model of the asymmetrical load in the axes $d, q, 0$ is derived, with the help of which the voltage at the generator terminals is calculated noniteratively. This model can be included in PES models with an arbitrary topology of the distribution network and an arbitrary composition of electrical machines and static loads.
The deployment of empathic artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education environments introduces complex ethical considerations that extend beyond traditional educational technology concerns. This work introduces the novel E3 Educational Framework (Empathy Recognition, Response, Reciprocity) - a theoretical model for implementing educational AI in STEM-focused educational environments. The E3 framework distinguishes the framework from adaptive systems through bidirectional emotional exchange while preserving student agency and academic integrity. The framework establishes three integrated layers: multimodal emotion detection achieving 92
Abstract The Mediterranean cruise territory is one of the world’s leading tourist destinations. Due to its favorable geographic location, abundant natural resources, including significant expanses of water, favorable climate, and valuable historical and cultural heritage, the region has now emerged as a modern center of tourism and recreation. This article examines the current state of the Mediterranean as a cruise region, analyzing its potential, current problems, and nowadays challenges. The study provides conclusions and proposals for the region’s sustainable development, expanding the geography of its cruise routes, integrating with coastal tourism business centers, and implementing innovations.
This article explores the term “ark” from a historical-linguistic perspective; the exploration is executed by tracing its evolution from its biblical origins in the King James Version of the Bible (1611) to its limited and largely symbolic role in contemporary English. The approach utilises philological methods, etymological tracing, and componential analysis. The paper investigates how ark, once a historically significant nautical term with rich theological and navigational associations, has gradually become a metaphorical and largely obsolete term in technical maritime communication. The study examines the practical maritime implications of the term together with its continuing symbolic role, especially in religious and literary discourse. The diachronic method used begins with the King James Version of the Bible (1611), continues with historical lexicographical sources, and concludes with the Standard Marine Communication Phrases (2001) in order to trace the semantic path of the term. The fact that ark is excluded from modern standardised communication lexicon such as the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) is discussed as evidence of its marginalisation in operational discourse. The analysis suggests that the term ark is an example of a trend in which spiritual or mythic terms are excluded from technical vocabularies in favour of precision and functionality. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of the interplay between linguistic evolution, metaphor, and specialised communication in English for Specific Purposes (ESP), particularly within the maritime domain.
This paper presents a novel method for implementing an autonomous, scenario-based simulation environment designed to support training and evaluation of decision-making in cyber-affected electrotechnical systems. The method employs turn-based interaction, state-driven system representation, partial observability, and AI-assisted state resolution to model how operator actions influence system behavior, safety, and service continuity during security incidents. The authors of this paper designed and implemented multiple simulations across various infrastructure domains, including smart cities, maritime ports, electric vehicles, charging infrastructure, and critical services. The simulations provide real-time feedback, objective performance scoring, and after-action reports, enabling interactive learning and competency assessment for students and practitioners. The simulation method is applied in higher education, demonstrating its value as a practical tool for bridging theoretical cybersecurity knowledge with operational decision-making in complex technical environments.
