Research on sustainable energy storage and conversion techniques is advancing due to rising energy use. Supercapacitors, high-power-density capacitors, are in high demand due to their quick energy release and absorption capabilities. In this study, NiO/Co3O4/BaO/Al2O3 (NCBA) and NiO/Co3O4/BaO/Al2O3@g-C3N4 (NCBACN) nanocomposites were synthesized, characterized, and their electrochemical performance was checked as a supercapacitor and for photodegradation of dyes. The NCBA and NCBACN nanocomposites were prepared using co-precipitation and ultra-sonication methods. The NCBACN electrode had a higher specific capacitance (2190 F/g) than the NCBA electrode (476 F/g). NCBACN demonstrated superior efficiency in reducing Rhodamine-B and Congo red dyes, with 97
In this paper, we consider the continuous mode of volumetric crystallization with mass/heat exchange with the surrounding medium. A nonlinear mathematical model of kinetic and balance equations, boundary and initial conditions, taking into account the diffusion mechanism of particles in the space of their sizes, the removal of product crystals and mass/heat inflow/outflow is formulated. An exact analytical solution describing steady-state mode of continuous crystallization is derived with allowance for the Heaviside step classification functions that specify the size dependence of product removal and fines dissolution. The steady-state crystal-size distribution and growth rate of crystals are compared with the experimental data for lactose and sucrose crystallization. The theory is in good agreement with the experimental data.
In this paper, we analyze the population-balance model for the evolution of numerous particles of different sizes during the intermediate step of volumetric phase transition. We use the approximation of spherical particle shapes and neglect interactions between them, considering the average interparticle distance to be much greater than the characteristic radius of the particles. The population-balance model under consideration includes a second-order Fokker–Planck equation for the distribution function, an integro-differential equation for mass conservation, initial and boundary conditions. This model is analytically solved in the case when the growth rate of particles solely depends on their radius. The particle-radius distribution, solution supersaturation, and the moments of the distribution function are derived analytically for various mass flows entering and leaving the solution during product crystal growth. Numerical calculations are carried out for the growth of insulin crystals in the case of two-step crystallization mechanism.
The characterization of structural properties of materials is of industrial and scientific significance, yet research on the surface science and biomedical effects of fermented superfine food powders has been limited. While agricultural powders are naturally occurring materials, they are extensively employed as raw materials and functional agents in the pharmaceutical, environmental, and food sectors. The current research utilized Pediococcus pentosaceus B-3335 to ferment red grape pomace. The impacts of fermented and unfermented powders were carefully examined using multiple parameters including powder properties, physicochemical characteristics and antimicrobial activities were systematically evaluated. The Carr Index and Hausner Ratio indicated that particles up to 200 µm have improved flowability. Color analysis indicated that the fermented powder had lower L* and a* values than the non-fermented powder. Furthermore, the fermented powder showed greater water solubility and WHC. The hygroscopicity of each sample was lower than 18
In this study, we examined the structure, texture, and mechanical properties of β-alloy Ti-39Nb-7Zr rods following intensive plastic deformation through rotary forging (RF). Finite element method (FEM) simulations revealed an uneven stress distribution within the rods, characterized by predominantly tensile stresses in the core and compressive stresses at the surface. Statistical analysis of orientation microscopy data indicated a microstructural gradient: both the thickness of deformed grains and the size of recrystallized grains decreased from the core to the surface, while the proportion of recrystallized grains increased. The RF process induced a gradient texture, with distinct grain orientations in the central and near-surface areas. An increase in hardness in the near-surface layers was attributed to grain refinement. Taylor factor calculations showed a minor effect of texture on the mechanical properties. The elastic modulus across the rod section remained consistent at 75 ± 1 GPa, suggesting that surface hardening was achieved without altering elastic properties.
