株式会社野村総合研究所

This paper presents a unified dataset and modeling framework for financial alternative dispute resolution (ADR) cases collected from multiple Japanese ADR organizations. Each case consists of paired claims from the complainant and the respondent with a binary settlement outcome. We introduce a functional tagging scheme to represent dispute structures and propose a multi-task model that jointly performs dispute classification and settlement prediction. Experimental results show that incorporating dispute structure improves prediction performance, and large language models achieve comparable or superior performance in several domains. These findings suggest that dispute structures are partially shared across ADR domains.

Cats represent a susceptible host and a possible translational model for investigating coronavirus pathogenesis and therapeutics. Recent immunohistochemical (IHC) and histopathological studies in both human and feline tissues have demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) and spike protein expression within pancreatic islet cells, following a classic temporal infection course. Notably, IHC analysis also reveals NP expression within exocrine ductal epithelial cells. Given that ductal epithelium functions as an islet progenitor pool during tissue injury or metabolic stress, pancreotropic coronaviruses may gain access to the endocrine compartment by exploiting this intrinsic cellular differentiation pathway. Although the precise mechanisms governing intra-islet viral entry remain to be elucidated, this review highlights the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to compromise both the exocrine (digestive) and endocrine functions of the pancreas. Finally, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of direct-acting antivirals—specifically RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and protease inhibitors—as monotherapies and in synergistic combination to limit pancreatic injury and mitigate the diabetogenic effects of coronaviruses across both acute infection and post-acute sequelae, such as human long-COVID syndrome.

Capacitive Deionization (CDI) is an electrochemical desalination technique based on the electrical double layer, which accumulate salts from the water stream; however, achieving higher salt adsorption for low-concentration salt is hindered due to several obstacles, such as low adsorption capacity and slow kinetics on the electrode surface. In this study, we reported a novel electrode fabrication method designed to enhance the hydrophilicity of the electrode material and activate hierarchical porosity, making a more accessible adsorption surface area. This modification enables more than 210 % improvement in salt adsorption capacity, achieving 17.5 mg g-1 in a single pass process with good stability in an 850 mg/L NaCl solution at 1.2 V, surpassing most reported carbonbased electrodes under similar operating conditions. Electrode formulation consists of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) doped hierarchical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network blended with additional NaCl as a green and removable template to reach higher levels of porosity. The electrochemical sorption behavior of the sample was characterized over a voltage range of -0.5 to 0.7 V. Furthermore, the electrode materials were characterized utilizing various characterization methods, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to explore the correlation between microstructure, morphology, and properties. Our finding reveals that not only N and P can affect adsorption, but also the novel cathode preparation method, which employs a removable NaCl templated hierarchical porous electrode, has a profound effect on the electrochemical and CDI results. This finding will open a new perspective in designing electrodes for all electrochemical systems.

The cliff in Jastrzębia Góra is one of the most an active landslide areas along the Polish Baltic coast. The aim of these studies was to determine the dynamics of displacements in an active landslide and to identify the geology of the cliff. Two methods, ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) and ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography), were used for this purpose. Multitemporal ALS data were used to determine the geomorphological changes within the cliff and find the causes of the rapid rate of cliff edge landslides. ALS differential models were the sources of new information about the dynamics of vertical displacement in the landslide and helped calculate the volume of displaced rock masses that occurred over 12 years. The cliff was found to become significantly an active in 2010. This process was observed by analysing the relief of multitemporal digital elevation models, differential models, AND morphological sections and by conducting long-term field observations. The ERT surveys made it possible to generate two 3D ERT electrical resistivity models that provided much new information about the geological structure of the cliff. Additionally, a 2D ERT profile was made through the landslide. The internal structure of the landslide was recognized, and the depth of the slip surface was estimated. The results permitted clarifying the cause of the high landslide activity and the rapid rate of retreat of the cliff edge over the past 12 years. In addition, by means of the results of electrical resistivity surveys and the use of archival boreholes, it was possible to extrapolate a model of the surface relief of the clay hill using geostatistical methods. It was found that at the boundary with the active landslide—the top of the clay layer—is tilted towards the north, i.e. towards the sea, which favours the activation of the landslide. The proposed research methodology, as well as the obtained information, may be of significant assistance in further diagnosis and prognosis of the dynamics of landslide development and the causes of landslide formation within cliff coasts.

The purpose of agrometeorological services conducted by various institutions around the world is to support decisions in the field of planning individual farmer works and agrotechnical treatments so as to fully enable the use of the prevailing weather and climatic conditions. However, the not always sufficient spatial distribution of ground measuring stations limits the possibility of the precise determination of meteorological conditions and the state of vegetation in a specific location. The solution may be the simultaneous use of both ground and satellite data, which can improve and enhance the final agrometeorological products. This paper presents examples of the use of meteorological products combining classical ground measurement and data from meteorological radars and satellites, applied in an agrometeorological service provided by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Poland. Selected examples cover Wielkopolskie Province, which is a primarily agricultural region. An analysis of the course of the soil moisture index and HTC as well as differences in the PEI spatial distribution from ground and satellite data for the extremely dry growing season of 2018 are presented. The authors tried to demonstrate that combining data available from different sources may be a necessary condition for modern agriculture in the conditions of climate change.