Noorul Islam University

This study explores the evolution of polymer composites in naval and aerospace applications, specifically their use in high-stress components such as aircraft wings and fuselages. It highlights the impact of resonance on performance and safety, emphasizing the benefits of the vibratory-wet layup technique over traditional methods. This innovative approach improves the fiber–resin interface, reduces voids, and enhances material properties through controlled vibration. Focusing on composite T-joint materials, the research assesses the effects of vibration on mechanical properties using polymer composites, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam, glass fiber, and epoxy resin. These materials were fabricated using both standard and vibratory-wet layup methods to optimize resin distribution and minimize voids. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing, three-point bending, Shore hardness tests, and water absorption experiments. Advanced machine learning techniques, such as Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) and the Puma Optimization Algorithm (POA), were employed for predictive analysis. The hybrid QNN–POA model proved to be the most accurate, achieving a mean error of just 0.16, surpassing traditional approaches. Experimental results revealed that TJ1 composites, particularly with vibration assistance (W-VA), exhibited the highest load-bearing capacity, reaching 9000 N with 8.36-mm displacement in tensile tests and 13,000 N with 11-mm displacement in bending tests. Although TJ-2 and PVC composites also performed well, they exhibited slightly higher displacements. Overall, the study confirmed TJ-1's superiority for high-load aerospace applications due to its enhanced strength and minimal displacement under vibration.

Euphorbia hirta is an important ethnomedicinal herb traditionally used to manage respiratory, gastrointestinal, and infectious diseases. This study evaluates its elemental profile, phytochemical composition, antimicrobial efficacy, and the influence of soil characteristics on its bioactive potential. Elemental concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), phytochemicals were identified using standard qualitative protocols, and antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well-diffusion method against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Soil samples were analysed for physicochemical and nutrient parameters. Results showed that essential metals such as zinc, manganese, and iron were within safe limits, while nickel and chromium levels were moderately elevated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, steroids, and phlobatannins. Strong antibacterial activity was exhibited against Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, while antifungal activity was observed against Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus fumigatus. Soil characteristics were favourable for medicinal plant growth and nutrient uptake. Overall, Euphorbia hirta demonstrates significant therapeutic potential with safe metal content and rich bioactive composition, supporting its traditional and modern medicinal use.

Public open spaces (POS) in Serbia s inherited multi-family housing estates, largely built during the socialist period, are often degraded and fail to meet residents needs in the transformed urban environment of post-socialist cities. Although planning laws mandate public hearings, citizen participation remains largely procedural and limited to the planning stage. This study examines four examples from cities of varying sizes and institutional capacities - Belgrade, Ni , and Bor, to explore how citizen engagement affects the design, usability, and maintenance of POS. The study approaches citizen participation through a green and socially inclusive lens, emphasizing how community engagement contributes to the ecological and social regeneration of POS. Findings show that active involvement by residents, NGOs, and institutions leads to more vibrant, inclusive, and sustainable POS, while the absence of participation results in neglect and social exclusion. Comparative insights from other post-socialist contexts confirm that institutionalizing participation beyond plan adoption remains a common challenge. The study recommends legal and policy instruments to embed continuous citizen engagement throughout planning, implementation, and maintenance stages. Strengthening the role of NGOs and community initiatives, supported by municipal and legislative frameworks, is essential to ensure participatory practices evolve from isolated projects into systemic, resilient, socially inclusive and eco-friendly urban development.

Accurate multivariate time-series forecasting underpins applications in energy, transport, finance, and weather. Yet with many Transformer variants now available, it is hard to pick a model that balances accuracy with compute cost. We present a clear, like-for-like benchmark of twelve Transformer architectures for multivariate time-series forecasting across six public datasets—Electricity Load (ECL), Exchange Rate, Traffic, Weather, Solar Energy, and ETT (ETTh1)—under a single training and evaluation pipeline. Performance is reported using MAE, RMSE, MAPE, and NWRMSLE, alongside efficiency indicators (seconds per epoch, peak VRAM), averaged over five seeds with train-only normalization; paired t-tests assess statistical significance. Three robust patterns emerge: (i) there is no universal best model—outcomes depend on seasonality, dimensionality, non-stationarity, and forecast horizon; (ii) models that encode seasonal/frequency structure or use patch-based temporal tokens tend to lead on strongly seasonal data; and (iii) in high-dimensional settings, architectures with efficient or structured attention achieve competitive errors with more favorable time–memory trade-offs. Rankings remain stable across absolute, percentage, and log-space metrics, indicating conclusions are not driven by scale effects or rare spikes. To ensure reproducibility, we provide preprocessing steps, hyperparameters, training schedules, and evaluation scripts, and offer guidance for selecting Transformer forecasters under accuracy and resource constraints, with forward paths in probabilistic evaluation, irregular sampling, continual adaptation, and efficiency-oriented deployment.

The IT-MAIS is used worldwide to identify Cochlear implant candidacy and track listening development in children with hearing loss after implantation. It has been translated and validated into several languages. The present study aims to: 1) Adapt and validate the Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale in Malayalam (IT-MAIS-M) and produce a Malayalam version of IT-MAIS. Subjects for the study consisted of two groups:Group I comprised parents of 20 cochlear-im Method: planted children using a multichannel cochlear implant, and Group 2 consisted of 20 age-matched children with normal hearing. IT-MAIS Malayalam version Results: has high internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.970. The item analysis revealed th Conclusion: at the Malayalam version of ITMAIS has a high internal consistency and validity, which makes it a reliable and useful tool for evaluating auditory functions among infants and toddlers under the age of 3 years.