We study the adjudication of water rights in international rivers. We characterize allocation rules that formalize focal principles to deal with water disputes in a basic model. Central to our analysis is a family of geometric rules that implement concatenated transfers downstream. They can be seen as formalizing Limited Territorial Sovereignty, as suggested in the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. We apply our rules to the case of the Nile River, with a long history of disputes between downstream and upstream nations
Environmental justice has been widely investigated in North American and Northern European contexts, but there are few comparative analyses of Mediterranean cities and these are methodologically fragmented. This study focuses on Barcelona, Valencia, Palermo and Catania, and investigates whether Mediterranean cities share common socio-spatial regimes in the distribution of urban tree cover density. It also explores how these regimes are associated with housing-market conditions, educational attainment, population ageing and the spatial concentration of foreign residents. To overcome differences in administrative geographies and data structures, environmental and socio-demographic information is integrated into a harmonized 100 × 100 m grid. A Finite Mixture of Beta Regression (FMBR) is then used to identify latent intra-urban regimes in which the relationship between tree cover density and socio-demographic variables remains internally homogeneous. The results show that Mediterranean urban greening is not organized through a single social gradient. Barcelona appears highly segmented, Valencia is dominated by a broad low-greenness regime interrupted by small greener enclaves, Palermo combines an extensive low-greenness fabric with smaller green pockets, and Catania is more socially differentiated than environmentally polarized. Housing-market pressure, the concentration of the foreign population, household structure, education and ageing are important factors, but vary in significance across the regimes. This paper confirms that the four cities feature constrained greening, with variations according to local morphology, land-market pressure and demographic composition. These findings support urban greening policies that are sensitive not only to aggregate canopy deficits, but also to the socio-spatial regimes through which environmental amenities are unevenly distributed.
Climate change can significantly increase massive fish escapes from marine aquaculture facilities as coastal extreme events become more frequent and severe. Despite the significant environmental and economic consequences of fish escapes, regulations and management measures remain scarce worldwide, particularly in Mediterranean areas. This research presents a transdisciplinary evaluation of fish escape management measures in Spain by (i) identifying measures to reduce the impact of massive escape events, (ii) analysing how stakeholders prioritise these measures, and (iii) comparing stakeholders' priorities with consumers' perceptions. For this purpose, two surveys were conducted: one targeting stakeholders directly involved in escape management (aquaculture farmers, fisheries sector, researchers, and public administration officers, n = 97), and another targeting fish consumers (n = 807). Using the Unweighted TOPSIS multicriteria method, six mitigation, contingency and restoration measures were evaluated by stakeholders. Both stakeholders and consumers expressed the strongest support for market transparency measures aimed at preventing food fraud, particularly detailed labelling and information systems for fish escape events, as selling escaped farmed fish as wild-caught is not currently subject to compulsory control or regulation. Improving site selection and relocation of facilities, as well as the adoption of the UNE 173202 standard, are also considered as suitable solutions to minimise the risk of massive fish escapes. An effective escape management framework should combine rapid operational response mechanisms with long-term preventive planning that explicitly accounts for the effects of climate change, while ensuring consumer protection.
This paper aims to help managers in the decision-making process of improving sustainability by implementing joint lean and resilient supply chain strategies. Lean and resilient strategies have a positive impact on sustainability performance and, moreover, there exists a positive relationship between practices pertaining to both strategies in the sense that some of the practices facilitate the implementation of other practices. A decision-making model that improves the company’s sustainability level while maximizing the future impact of the present supply chain strategies’ implementation is developed. Under budgetary constraints, it becomes especially important to take advantage of the existing synergies between supply chain practices’ implementation to decrease the total implementation cost. A case study in the aerospace sector is carried out in order to illustrate the benefits of the proposed model with respect to traditional models found in the literature. The results imply that, under budgetary stress, a sequential implementation of supply chain practices is recommended, and the proposed mathematical model performs more efficiently than traditional models.
This study compared the effects of two pitch sizes (40 × 20 m and 30 × 15 m) on mental workload (MWL), perceived physical effort (RPE), and physical performance during 8-vs-8 small-sided football games (SSGs). Sixteen amateur players (an average age of 13.95 years) participated in a cross-over design over three weeks, playing on both pitch sizes. Pre- and post-tests measured neuromuscular fatigue via countermovement jumps (CMJ), the RPE scale, and MWL with the NASA-TLX. VO2Max was assessed once to explore its relationship with MWL changes. Results showed a significant effect of time on neuromuscular fatigue and a significant pitch size effect on RPE, with a 9.39
