Maintaining sufficient levels of biosecurity at the farm level is crucial to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens. However, data on biosecurity awareness and implementation in small-scale or backyard (hereafter referred to as small-scale) holdings across Europe are lacking. While the risk posed by these farms is generally regarded as limited, they represent a diverse group of farmers and do play a role in disease introduction and spread. The aim of this study was to explore veterinarians' perspectives on small-scale farming in Europe, including the frequency of farm visits, the definition of small-scale farming, the current status of biosecurity, and the most important measures to prevent pathogen introduction and spread. A multidisciplinary team developed a comprehensive survey to collect veterinarians' perspectives on biosecurity in small-scale farms. The survey was translated into 16 languages, digitalised, and distributed online between July and December 2024 by participants of COST Action BETTER. Data were analysed descriptively, and clusters of veterinarians were distinguished using multiple correspondence analysis. In total, 346 veterinarians from 23 countries participated in the survey. There is no standard definition of small-scale farming throughout Europe. According to the participating veterinarians, a small-scale farm was defined as having a median number of fewer than 20 cattle, 30 small ruminants, 13 pigs, or 99 heads of poultry. Three clusters of veterinarians were identified based on geographical location, field experience, biosecurity training, and perceived biosecurity awareness within the small-scale farming community. Biosecurity measures already applied in small-scale farming included fencing, carcass management, and biosecurity measures related to purchasing and feeding practices. According to the participating veterinarians, the most important biosecurity measures for small-scale farms to prevent pathogen introduction and spread included factors related to the introduction of animals, such as quarantine facilities, testing for health status, and purchasing animals from farms with a high health status. Besides factors related to the introduction of animals, hygiene measures and fencing were also frequently indicated as the most important biosecurity measures. Nevertheless, significant differences were found between the clusters regarding the importance of specific biosecurity measures. This study provides valuable insights into the perceived awareness, implementation, and desired biosecurity measures in European small-scale farming and underscores the importance of integrating small farms into "One Health" strategies, given their potential role in the spread of infectious diseases.
The article is devoted to one of the acute problems of dermatology – hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa. Based on literary sources, it discusses in detail the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and modern methods of treatment of the disease. Attention is focused on the main method of treatment of the disease - antibiotic therapy. A long-term retrospective analysis has established that empirical antibiotic therapy with clindamycin does not guarantee unconditional clinical effectiveness. Antibiotic therapy in (HS/AI) should be individualized and based on preliminary microbiological studies.
BackgroundIntracranial aneurysms (IAs) are vascular abnormalities characterized by localized dilation of cerebral arteries, with a higher prevalence in females. Ruptured IAs can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage, a life-threatening condition. The purpose of this study is to investigate gender-based differences in aneurysm distribution and rupture risk, focusing on the role of anatomical, hemodynamic, and hormonal factors.ResultsAmong 164 patients, 85 were women (51.83%) and 79 were men (48.17%). The anterior communicating artery (ACA) was the most common site (34.76%), followed by the internal carotid artery (ICA) (30.49%) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) (18.29%). Women had a higher prevalence of ICA aneurysms (25.91% vs. 24.09%), while men showed a greater occurrence in the ACA (27.46% vs. 29.54%). Age-related differences were observed, with women experiencing ruptures at older ages.ConclusionsGender disparities in IA distribution highlight the influence of anatomical and hormonal factors. Women exhibit a higher prevalence in ICA aneurysms, whereas men are more affected in the ACA. These findings emphasize the need for sex-specific risk assessment, preventive strategies, and tailored clinical management. Future research should focus on predictive modeling for improved early detection and intervention.
Introduction: Seromas commonly form after incisional hernia repair, particularly when surgeons use prosthetic materials. While most cases resolve spontaneously, some can be prolonged or recurrent, necessitating repeated intervention. Case presentation: We present a case of seroma that developed following incisional hernia repair with mesh. Despite con-servative treatment involving repeated aspiration and subsequent surgical drainage, the fluid reaccumulated and formed an encapsulated mass, necessitating re-operation several months later. The organised seroma was excised without remov-ing the mesh, and the patient was discharged without complications. Conclusion: Prolonged and irreversible seroma formation after incisional hernia repair can lead to the development of a chronic encapsulated pseudocyst. Early recognition, careful monitoring, and timely surgical intervention can prevent long-term morbidity without the need to remove the mesh in non-infected cases. შესავალი: ინციზიური თიაქრების აღდგენის შემდეგ ხშირად ვითარდება სერომები, განსაკუთრებით მაშინ, თუ გამოყენებულია საპროთეზო მასალები. შემთხვევათა უმრავლესობაში სერომა სპონტანურად ქრება, თუმცა ზოგჯერ შეიძლება პროცესი გახანგრძლივდეს ან განვითარდეს რეციდივი, რაც განმეორებით ჩარევას მოითხოვს. შემთხვევის პრეზენტაცია: წარმოგიდგენთ სერომის შემთხვევას, რომელიც განვითარდა ინციზიური თიაქრის ბადით აღდგენის შემდეგ. განმეორებითი ასპირაციის, შემდგომი ქირურგიული დრენირებითა და კონსერვატული თერაპიის მიუხედავად, სითხე ხელახლა დაგროვდა და ჩამოყალიბდა ინკაფსულირებული მასა, რაც რამდენიმე თვის შემდეგ ახალი ოპერაციის ჩვენება გახდა. ორგანიზებული სერომა ამოიკვეთა ბადის მოცილების გარეშე. პაციენტი გაეწერა დამაკმაყოფილებელ მდგომარეობაში. დასკვნა: ინციზიური თიაქრის აღდგენის შემდეგ სერომის ხანგრძლივმა და შეუქცევადმა ფორმირებამ შეიძლება გამოიწვიოს ქრონიკული ინკაფსულირებული ფსევდოკისტის განვითარება. ადრეული ამოცნობა, ფრთხილი მონიტორინგი და დროული ქირურგიული ჩარევა ავადობის გახანგრძლივებას ბადის მოხსნის საჭიროების გარეშე, არაინფიცირებულ შემთხვევებში.
Multisistemski vnetni sindrom pri otrocih (MIS-C) je redko, vendar resno stanje, povezano s predhodno okužbo z viru-som SARS-CoV-2. Običajno se kaže s sistemskim vnetjem, ki je lahko podobno Kawasakijevi bolezni, in lahko prizadene več organskih sistemov, pri čemer je posebej pomembna prizadetost srčno-žilnega sistema. Predstavljamo primer šestletnega dečka bele rase, ki je bil sprejet v bolnišnico zaradi povišane telesne temperature in sistemskih znakov, vendar brez prizadetosti srčno-žilnega sistema. Bolnik se je ugodno odzval na zdravljenje z intravenskim imunoglobulinom (IVIG) in acetilsalicilno kislino ter je popolnoma okreval. Primer poudarja pomen zgodnje postavitve diagnoze in ocene resnosti MIS-C za ustrezno usmerjanje zdravljenja.
