Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University

Hospital transport services represent a vital alternative for addressing inequities in access to medical care, particularly in countries where public transportation systems are inadequate, such as Thailand. This approach enables equitable and widespread access to healthcare services for residents in underserved areas. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the choice of hospital transport travel mode by comparing various machine learning algorithms. The findings reveal that the categorical boosting model outperformed the other models across all performance metrics. The model results indicate that waiting time, travel time, travel cost, and comfortability significantly influence the decision to use hospital transport services. Furthermore, demographic data analysis highlights critical factors such as age, gender, income, travel frequency, occupation, and time of travel, all of which significantly affect the choice of hospital transport service. To maximize the practical implications of this study, policy recommendations and implementation strategies are proposed to support decision-makers in promoting equitable travel options and eliminating barriers to fair access to healthcare services.

This study developed and optimized a microbial-enriched compost powder designed to enhance the growth performance of Red Cos lettuce using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three plant growth-promoting bacteria bacteria- bacteria-Azotobacter sp., Bacillus spp., and Azotobacter vinelandii-were incorporated into compost powder and applied to high-porosity fired clay granules as the growth medium. A Box-Behnken Design was employed to evaluate individual and interactive effects of microbial concentrations on plant dry weight. ANOVA confirmed that the quadratic regression model was highly significant (p < 0.0001), with strong predictive capacity (R-2 = 0.9973; Adjusted R-2 = 0.9925) and an insignificant lack-of-fit. All microbial factors significantly influenced biomass production, with A. vinelandii exhibiting the most significant effect, followed by Azotobacter sp. and Bacillus spp. Response surface and contour plots revealed clear synergistic interactions among the variables and identified a distinct optimal region. The optimal formulation-0.19% Azotobacter sp., 1.84% Bacillus spp., and 0.39% A. vinelandii-yielded the highest observed dry weight (2.14 +/- 0.04 g), consistent with model predictions. Confirmation experiments showed that unbalanced microbial levels led to inferior growth responses, underscoring the importance of optimized ratios. The findings establish that microbial consortia integrated into compost powder and applied via porous clay granules can substantially improve plant biomass while supporting environmentally sustainable production systems. This optimized formulation provides a promising basis for further development of microbially enhanced growth media for leafy vegetables.

This study prepared Cu-CuO-Cu2O complexes by conducting electrochemical synthesis in citric acid (CA) solutions with varying concentrations. Visible color changes from light blue to deep blue indicated the initial formation of copper-based materials as the CA concentration rose. This shift likely reflected increased particle production and growth. The Tyndall effect, observed in all samples, showed distinct laser scattering, confirming the presence of well dispersion in CA solution. Photoluminescence emission and UV-Vis spectroscopy displayed distinct absorption peaks between UV and visible regions, corresponding to band energy values of 3.69-3.74 and 1.25-1.28 eV, respectively. TEM analysis revealed good dispersion of spherical particles with an average size of 2.12 +/- 0.37 nm. SAED, CV, and XPS analysis confirmed the polycrystalline phase of Cu, CuO, and Cu2O. For beneficial applications, the Cu-CuO-Cu2O complexes were combined with ZnO to form a ZnO/Cu-CuO-Cu2O system-assisted photocatalyst. Although the non-homogeneous distribution of Cu-CuO-Cu2O across the ZnO was observed, the photocatalyst system also exhibited notably enhanced photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue under UV light. Applying pseudo-first-order kinetic models revealed the highest rate constant of 75.35 & times; 10-3 min- 1 for ZnO/Cu-CuO-Cu2O system-assisted photocatalyst compared to pure ZnO (12.63 & times; 10-3 min- 1). These findings suggested a combined effect from ZnO/Cu-CuO-Cu2O structures, which improved charge separation and reactive species generation. However, the reusability test indicated a rapid decrease with the remaining efficiency of around 68% by the fifth cycle due to the loss of catalytic activity. The scavenger test suggested that superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals play a dominant role for photocatalytic activity.

The purposes of this research were 1) to compare the knowledge and understanding of organizing English activities for young children before and after the learning, 2) to study the ability to design English activities for young children, and 3) to study the satisfaction towards active learning in English for early childhood courses. The sample group used in this research was 28 second-year Early Childhood Education students, Semester 2, Academic Year 2021, Faculty of Education, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, using the simple random sampling method. The research instruments included 1) a test to measure knowledge and understanding of organizing English activities for early childhood teachers, 2) an assessment form for the ability to design English activity plans for early childhood, and 3) an assessment form for students’ satisfaction towards active learning. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The research results found that: 1) Before the experiment, the students’ knowledge and understanding had a mean of 17.59 and after the experiment, the students’ knowledge and understanding had a mean of 25.21. The t-test value of using active learning management was significantly higher at the .01 level. 2) The students were able to design English activities for early childhood. It was found that the students were able to design English activities for early childhood at the highest level, with a mean of 4.29. 3) The students’ satisfaction with the development of English activities for early childhood using active learning management were satisfied at the highest level, with a mean of 4.76. However, Active learning is a method of learning though experience, learning by doing. The learner remains engaged with a collaborative learning, become more critical and dynamic global environment that keeps them interested.

We introduce $\Gamma_\Delta$-BE-algebras as a generalization of Γα- and Γ(α,β)-BE-algebras, and specify the algebraic conditions that govern this new structure. We investigate their fundamental properties, define the notions of ∆-subalgebras and ∆-filters, and examine their interrelations. Furthermore, we explore the behavior of two types of upper sets, $E_\alpha(x)$ and $E^\beta_\alpha(x, y)$, within the framework of ∆-left distributive Γ∆-BE-algebras, providing several characterizations and structural results. These findings offer a broadened perspective on algebraic systems related to BE-algebras and their logical extensions.