Background: This study investigates the impact of brand awareness, brand equity, digital media content, and emotions on the purchasing intentions of Generation Z in North Macedonia, those born between 1997 and 2012. Objectives: This study aims to analyse the underlying factors to be considered when developing effective strategic marketing planning for Generation Z. It will use predictive marketing tools to develop strategic, data-driven, and timely planning frameworks based on the study's findings. Methods: An online survey was conducted with a sample of Macedonian citizens. A SEM analysis was performed to examine the relationships among the variables. Results: The findings show that purchase intention positively correlates with all independent factors, including brand equity, brand awareness, and digital media content. Conclusion: According to the results, Generation Z consumers' purchasing decisions are highly influenced by brand recognition, brand equity building, digital media content, and emotions.
U radu je prikazan ruralni turizam Međimurja na primjeru OPG-a Pešta. Opisana je postojeća ponuda, mogućnosti daljnjeg razvoja i doprinosa održivom turizmu destinacije. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na ekološki način proizvodnje, povezanost poljoprivrede i turizma te važnost lokalne gastronomije u oblikovanju turističkog doživljaja. Kroz analizu ponude OPG-a Pešta prikazani su poljoprivredni proizvodi, domaće životinje, povezanost s vlastitim ugostiteljskim objektom te lokacijske prednosti imanja u blizini Mađerkinog brega. Provedena SWOT analiza ukazuje na brojne snage gospodarstva, ali i na određene slabosti poput nedostatka dodatnih turističkih sadržaja i smještajnih kapaciteta. U radu se također razmatra planirani razvojni projekt koji bi znatno unaprijedio turističku ponudu i povećao konkurentnost OPG-a na tržištu. Zaključno, OPG Pešta predstavlja kvalitetan primjer održivog ruralnog turizma s velikim potencijalom za daljnji razvoj kroz edukativne, gastronomske i rekreativne sadržaje.
Social media have become an indispensable part of marketing strategies in sports. In cases of smaller organizations and locaIized popularity of a certain sport, they have come to provide a rather useful and cost-effective tool for reaching desirable audiences, boosting visibility and fostering engagement. The paper focuses on the social media presence of the sports club MRK Čakovec, currently a member of the highest level of handball competition in Croatia. The club uses social media and newsletter campaigns for communicating relevant information, results, updates, and to reach out to the fans. A qualitative case study methodology was employed, i.e. content analysis was used to examine the club’s social media posts as well as fan engagement data, thus providing practical insight into the effects of social media management in sports.
PURPOSE:This study aimed to objectively investigate the impact of chronic cigarette smoking on ocular surface inflammation by analyzing the correlation between tear levels of cotinine, a biomarker of active smoke exposure, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a key inflammatory mediator. DESIGN:Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, tear fluid samples were collected from 35 chronic smokers and 50 never-smoked controls. Tear concentrations of cotinine and MMP-9 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including corneal topography with Pentacam HR. Statistical analyses were performed to compare biomarker levels between groups and assess their correlation and diagnostic utility. RESULTS:Tear cotinine and MMP-9 levels were significantly elevated in smokers compared to controls (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). A strong positive correlation was found between cotinine and MMP-9 levels in the smoking group (Spearman's ρ = 0.786, p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that both biomarkers significantly discriminated smokers from non-smokers. No significant differences were found in corneal topography parameters between the groups. CONCLUSION:Chronic smoking significantly elevates tear MMP-9 levels, indicating subclinical ocular surface inflammation even in the absence of clinical disease. This study is the first to report a strong objective correlation between tear cotinine and MMP-9, establishing tear cotinine as a reliable biomarker for active smoking. Future studies on ocular surface inflammation must account for smoking status as a major confounding variable.
Šume kao prirodno bogatstvo Republike Hrvatske uživaju i njezinu osobitu zaštitu, predviđenu Ustavom, a detaljnije razrađenu Zakonom o šumama. Promjenom pravnog sustava 90-ih, normativnim izmjenama koje su uslijedile, šume iz režima nekadašnjeg društvenog vlasništva postale su državnim vlasništvom stupanjem na snagu Izmjena i dopuna Zakona o šumama. Postupak upisa države kao vlasnika provodilo je i provodi Državno odvjetništvo. Normativnim izmjenama područje Republike Hrvatske podijeljeno je u šumskogospodarska područja, a u cilju gospodarenja državnim šumama i šumskim zemljištem osnovano je javno poduzeće Hrvatske šume. Da bi Hrvatske šume mogle nesmetano gospodariti šumama i šumskim zemljištem, bilo je u prvom redu potrebno upisati pravo vlasništva Republike Hrvatske, što je rezultiralo nizom sudskih postupaka od stupanja Zakona na snagu, u kojima su državne šume, kojima gospodare Hrvatske šume, upisivane kao državno vlasništvo bilo kroz jednostavne postupke uknjižbe ili složene pojedinačne ispravne ili parnične postupke. Navedeni postupci iznjedrili su brojne dileme te su uočene pravne praznine. U radu se daje prikaz načina rješavanja navedene pravne problematike, problema u postupku dokazivanja relevantnih činjenica i načina njihova rješavanja kroz konkretne sudske postupke, praksu domaćih sudova s osvrtom na stajališta međunarodnih sudova i prijedlog normativnih izmjena radi bržeg i efikasnijeg upisa države kao vlasnika šuma.
