The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (Spanish: Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina), also known as Catholic University of Argentina (Spanish: Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), is a private university in Argentina with campuses in the cities of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Rosario, Paraná, Mendoza and Pergamino. The main campus is located in Puerto Madero, a modern neighborhoods of Buenos Aires.It is considered, according to a 2011 study by the Spanish Ministry of Education, as one of the best private universities in Latin America. It is the second university preferred by Argentine employers and the sixth in all Latin America.Its predecessor, the Catholic University of Buenos Aires (1910–1922), was founded by the Argentine episcopate in 1910, but its degrees, in law, were not recognized by the Argentine government, and the institution was closed in 1922.In 1955, Decree 6403 concerning the freedom of education enabled the creation of private universities with the authority to deliver academic qualifications. In 1956, the bishops decided to create the Catholic University of Argentina, formally founded on March 7, 1958.Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was UCA's Grand Chancellor, by virtue of his office as Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, until his election in 2013 as Pope Francis. When Mario Aurelio Poli was named Archbishop of Buenos Aires by Pope Francis later in 2013, he became, ex officio, Grand Chancellor of the University. In May 2013 Pope Francis named Víctor Manuel Fernández, the University's President (the second-highest administrative rank, after the Grand Chancellor), as titular archbishop of Tiburnia.
El presente texto muestra el origen y sentido moderno del nombre "epistemología" y de sus variantes "metodología de las ciencias", "teoría del conocimiento científico" y "filosofía de las ciencias". Asimismo, señala la imposibilidad de aplicar dicho término a la historia de la filosofía y, en particular, a la filosofía medieval y antigua.
The COVID-19 pandemic posed enormous challenges for governments worldwide to coordinate response efforts, particularly in federal countries. Without observing a clear relationship between federal and unitary countries and the number of deaths from COVID-19 in previous studies, this article explores whether conflicts (or cooperation) between levels of government are associated with more deaths. It codes intergovernmental conflicts examining at least three newspapers every day during the first year of the pandemic in eighteen Latin American countries. Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables, results from a regression analysis show a temporal relationship between conflicts and more deaths. The case studies contrast two federations, Argentina and Brazil, with a unitary country, Uruguay, to explore the effects of different forms of cooperation and conflicts. The article concludes by raising some comparative implications for health policies in federal and unitary countries.
INTRODUCTION:Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) have significantly younger populations than High-Income Countries, with a high burden of morbidity and mortality due to operable conditions. However, access to pediatric surgical care and trained specialists remains limited. Mapping existing pediatric surgery training programs in LMICs may guide trainees seeking education and inform global surgery efforts to build capacity. METHODS:A review was conducted using an extensive grey literature search to identify pediatric surgery programs in LMICs. Searches included web browsers, medical school websites, national surgical colleges, and other relevant sources. Data were categorized by World Bank income group and World Health Organization (WHO) region. RESULTS:Of 132 LMICs, 66 (50.0 %) had at least one formal pediatric surgery program. By income group: 56.3 % (n = 31/55) of Upper-Middle-Income Countries (UMICs), 51.0 % (n = 26/51) of Low Middle-Income Countries (MICs), and 34.6 % (n = 9/26) of Low-Income Countries (LICs) had programs. Regionally, the European (n = 14/18, 77.8 %) Eastern Mediterranean (n = 12/16, 75.0 %), South-East Asia (n = 7/10, 70.0 %) regions had the highest proportion of LMICs with pediatric surgery programs. The Western Pacific Region and African Region had the lowest proportion of LMICs programs, with only 6/17 (35.3 %) and 15/47 (31.2 %) of LMICs having programs, respectively. CONCLUSION:Access to pediatric surgery programs in LMICs remains limited and decreases proportionally with country income level. There is an urgent need for sustainable, standardized training-supported by formalized accreditation initiatives-to strengthen pediatric surgical capacity globally.
BACKGROUND:Left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony results from nonuniform myocardial activation, leading to inefficient LV contraction and worse clinical outcomes. Synchromax® is a noninvasive system that performs real-time spatial variance analysis of QRS complexes from a standard electrocardiogram, generating an electrical synchrony index (ESI) that may be a potential marker of LV mechanical dyssynchrony. This study evaluated the efficacy of the ESI in predicting LV mechanical dyssynchrony compared to the gold standard: LV mechanical dispersion (LVMD) > 60 ms as measured by speckle-tracking strain echocardiography. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive adult patients undergoing echocardiography in San Salvador, El Salvador. Clinical, electrocardiographic (rhythm, QRS duration, ESI), and echocardiographic (LVMD, LV ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain) data were collected. RESULTS:Eighty-four studies from 83 patients were analyzed. Mean ESI was 0.36 ± 0.31 and mean LVMD was 58.4 ± 27.1 ms. The ESI showed a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 88.9%, with negative and positive predictive values of 84.2% and 77.8%, respectively. Agreement with the gold standard was moderate (kappa = 0.60; p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis demonstrated good discriminative performance (area under the curve = 0.81), superior to QRS duration (area under the curve = 0.71) for identifying LV mechanical dyssynchrony. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal ESI cutoff was 0.42. ESI correlated consistently and significantly with LVMD, indicating that it may be a more sensitive functional marker than QRS duration, especially in cases without evident dyssynchrony. The ESI is a simple, accessible tool for complementary assessment of ventricular electromechanical synchrony.
El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar un inventario para uso docente que evalúe habilidades blandas en estudiantes de escuelas secundarias. El proceso incluyó su validación por juicio de expertos, una prueba piloto con 25 cuestionarios y adaptación. Posteriormente, un muestreo no probabilístico aplicado a 420 alumnos (47 % mujeres, 53 % varones); entre 12 y 19 años (ME = 14,92; DE = 1,81). Inicialmente, un análisis paralelo sugirió una estructura de 4 factores del IHBE. El análisis factorial exploratorio identificó ítems con complejidad psicométrica, por lo que se retuvieron 16 ítems. La versión de 16 ítems mide cuatro factores: habilidades interpersonales, sociales, intelectuales y de precisión. El análisis factorial semi-confirmatorio arrojó buenos índices de bondad de ajuste (GFI=.98, AGFI=.96, RMSA=.000) con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. El IHBE presentó una alta consistencia interna (α = .97, .95, .85 y .90, para cada factor; 97 del instrumento total). El resultado del modelo teórico respalda la versión preliminar válida y confiable del IHBE.
