I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), formerly Punjab Technical University (PTU), is a State university located at Kapurthala highway, Kapurthala, India. It was established by an act of State Legislature on 16 January 1997, to promote technical, management and pharmaceutical education in the state of Punjab at the degree level and above. Being an education and research university, it has a mandate to set up centres of excellence in emerging technologies for promoting training and research & development in these areas. K. K.I. K..
Wear-induced deterioration in additively manufactured Ti6Al4V components restricts their long-term performance in biomedical and structural applications due to severe frictional contact and abrasive conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the surface durability and tribological reliability of wire arc additively manufactured (WAAM) Ti6Al4V substrates by depositing hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings through plasma spraying. The optimized HAP coatings exhibited a uniform lamellar microstructure with thicknesses ranging from 134 to 169 µm and strong interfacial bonding. Tribological performance was evaluated through slurry abrasion and pin-on-disk tests against an EN31 hardened steel counterface, supported by response surface methodology (RSM)-based optimization. Slurry abrasion testing demonstrated that the HAP-coated specimens achieved an average reduction in mass loss of approximately 35-45
The development of dual inhibitors against histone deacetylases (HDACs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is a promising approach in the treatment of cancers. A detailed computational screening of 36 quinazoline analogues was conducted in the context of identifying any possible dual HDAC VEGFR2 inhibitors in this study. A detailed in-silico workflow was used, comprising of molecular docking, molecular dynamics (500 ns), MMGBSA binding free energy, density functional theory (DFT), pharmacophore modelling and 3D-QSAR (PLS, MLR and GFA). The predications of ADME and toxicity were made to determine the drug-likeness and safety profiles. Compound 20 also exhibited high binding affinities to HDAC and VEGFR2, which are better than the reference drugs Panobinostat and Pazopanib. RMSD, RMSF and hydrogen-bond assays were used to ascertain stable protein and ligand complexes. Calculation of MMGBSA showed positive binding free energies. Strong predictivity has been demonstrated by robust 3D-QSAR models (maximum R2 = 0.981), whereas DFT analysis has revealed the presence of good electronic characteristics to facilitate dual inhibition. All the interaction analyses, dynamic stability, electronic properties and structure-activity relationships sustained the dual inhibitory nature of Compound 20. Its toxicity, limited penetration into BBB and good ADME characteristics further enhanced its therapeutic relevance. The present integrative computational research confirms that Compound 20 is an effective dual HDAC-VEGFR2 that has high anticancer potential. The results offer a logical basis on the continued experimental validation and development of dual-target anticancer therapeutics.
Transformer insulation oil deterioration critically impacts transformer reliability and lifespan, often leading to operational disruptions and financial losses. Accurate forecasting of oil ageing is therefore essential for proactive maintenance. This study presents a novel approach that combines a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) with a Variance-Controlled Hunger Game Search (VC-HGS) algorithm to optimise the DCNN’s dense layers, reducing prediction errors. Experimental results show that the VC-HGS-DCNN model outperforms traditional methods, achieving 7
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is widely recognized in the literature as a leading swarm-based algorithm. Since its inception in the mid-1990s, PSO has undergone significant advancements, including various enhancements, extensions, and modifications, particularly in the years following the turn of the century. As a result, research in this area has reached a remarkable level of sophistication. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic review that organizes and synthesizes current knowledge on PSO. It offers an in-depth examination of the core concepts of the algorithm, neighborhood topologies, and historical and recent variants of the PSO. In addition, it highlights the significant engineering applications of PSO and discusses ongoing challenges in the field. By systematically arranging and summarizing the latest research, this review serves as a valuable resource for both researchers and practitioners interested in the development and application of PSO.
This review aims to provide insights into the various characteristics of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata). Specifically, the review focuses primarily on its role in managing chronic disease and the potential mechanisms responsible for these health benefits. The studies have highlighted the multifaceted functional properties of psyllium husk, including its high water-holding capacity, gel-forming ability, and viscosity, which contribute to its efficacy in promoting gastrointestinal health. The consumption of psyllium husk may improve glycemic control, reduce cholesterol, and enhance bowel function. The various mechanisms responsible for health benefits include the binding of bile acids, modulation of the gut microbiome, enhanced satiety, and delayed gastric emptying. Psyllium consumption promotes the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp., thereby increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, several adverse effects were observed, including bloating, allergic reactions, and gastrointestinal obstruction (resulting from inadequate water consumption). Psyllium husk can be used as an adjunct therapy in managing body weight, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, and gut health. It is generally considered safe; careful consideration of dosage and hydration is necessary to minimize adverse effects. Further research is required to optimize dosage and investigate the long-term effects on metabolic health.
