Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU), before 2015 as the Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU), is a state government run affiliating university in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established as the Uttar Pradesh Technical University through the Government of Uttar Pradesh on 8 May 2000. To reduce workload and to ensure proper management, the university was bifurcated into separate universities, Gautam Buddh Technical University (GBTU) and Mahamaya Technical University (MTU), with effect from 1 May 2010. In 2013, as a new government came into power, the university was formed again by combining the two on 5 January 2013.It is an affiliating university, with approximately 800 colleges affiliated to it. The university was earlier on the IET Lucknow campus. Now it is in its newly inaugurated campus in Jankipuram, Lucknow. Additionally, the university had a Centre and Regional Office in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.Dr. A.P.J. A.P.J. A.P.J..
This study investigates the impact of carbon emissions, real oil prices, income inequality, economic growth, and trade openness on renewable energy consumption (REC) in twenty-three (23) OECD economies. The study employs the Westerlund panel cointegration technique to verify the existence of long-run equilibrium and the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator to assess the long-run relationship between the variables, which allows for slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency. Moreover, the panel causality test of Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) is utilized to gauge the causal relationship between the variables. The findings of our study reveal that REC is positively related to economic growth, real oil prices, income inequality, and trade openness, but negatively related to CO2 emissions in OECD countries. In addition, there is one-way causality from GDP per capita to renewable energy consumption and a bidirectional causality between income inequality and REC. Furthermore, the results indicate that OECD policymakers and governments should regard foreign trade as a “clean energy fostering mechanism” while developing energy demand policies that are environmentally friendly.
ABSTRACT The growing demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage technologies has stimulated extensive research into advanced supercapacitor electrode materials. Among these, bismuth‐based materials have attracted considerable attention because of their low cost, environmental friendliness, multiple oxidation states, and promising pseudocapacitive behavior. This review summarizes recent advances in bismuth‐based materials for supercapacitor applications, covering the fundamentals of supercapacitors, synthesis methods, charge storage mechanisms, and electrochemical performance. Various bismuth compounds, including bismuth chalcogenides, bismuth oxides, bismuth molybdates, and bismuth ferrites, are critically discussed with an emphasis on the relationship between their structure and electrochemical properties. Strategies such as metal‐ion doping, heterostructure engineering, and incorporation of conductive carbon materials are highlighted for enhancing conductivity, ion transport, and cycling stability. Finally, the current challenges and prospects, including scalable synthesis, operando characterization, computational material design, and flexible solid‐state devices, are discussed to facilitate the development of high‐performance and sustainable bismuth‐based supercapacitors.
This paper develops a comprehensive analytical framework for the stability analysis of higher-order discrete fractional systems governed by the Atangana-Baleanu-Riemann-Liouville difference operator with fractional order ω∈ (1,2] . In contrast to existing studies primarily focused on lower-order systems, this work explores the complex dynamical behavior arising from higher-order fractional effects, such as inertial and oscillatory memory responses. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are established using the Banach fixed-point theorem, and new sufficient conditions for Ulam-Hyers and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability are derived. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate and validate the theoretical results, confirming the effectiveness and practical relevance of the proposed framework.
The growing demand for sustainable, high-performance, and environmentally benign energy storage systems has intensified interest in bio-waste-derived electrode materials and advanced solid-state electrolytes that can improve both energy density and device safety. This study introduces an innovative approach for developing solid-state supercapacitors by synthesizing activated carbon from Moringa oleifera flowers (MF) via ZnCl2-assisted chemical activation followed by carbonization. The resulting activated carbon (MFAC) was characterized using XRD, BET, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDX, and XPS, confirming its amorphous structure, high surface area, and well-developed hierarchical porous morphology. The use of Moringa oleifera flowers provides a renewable and underexplored carbon precursor with favorable surface chemistry for electrochemical charge storage. Additionally, a redox-active, nonaqueous gel polymer electrolyte was formulated using the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide (EMImTCM) and sodium iodide (NaI) within a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) matrix. Two symmetric solid-state supercapacitor cells were fabricated: one using the base ionic liquid gel polymer electrolyte (Cell#1) and the other incorporating NaI as a redox additive (Cell#2). Electrochemical analysis through cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed significantly enhanced performance for Cell#2, delivering a specific capacitance of 283 F g(-1) and an energy density of 39 Wh kg(-1), compared to 98 F g(-1) and 14 Wh kg(-1) for Cell#1, due to additional iodide-mediated faradaic reactions. Moreover, Cell#2 exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining similar to 80% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles at 1 A g(-1). This work demonstrates a sustainable, scalable strategy for enhancing the performance of solid-state supercapacitors by synergistically integrating bio-derived porous carbon electrodes with redox-active gel polymer electrolytes.
Enhancing convective heat transfer in solar air heaters (SAHs) without disproportionate hydraulic penalty remains critical for decentralized low-carbon heating. This study experimentally investigates a serpentine-channel SAH equipped with distributed three-dimensional vortex generators under outdoor winter conditions. The configuration combines curvature-induced secondary motion with distributed vortex generation to intensify absorber–air heat transfer. Experiments were conducted over a mass flow range of 0.012–0.061 kg s−1, corresponding to a Reynolds number range of 2.1 × 103–1.07 × 104, using a smooth duct as the reference configuration. The enhanced configuration achieved peak thermal efficiencies of 81.6–85.4%, compared with 65.8–67.7% for the smooth collector, while daily averaged efficiency increased from 56–59% to 71–75%. Although pressure drop increased, thermo-hydraulic performance remained superior across the investigated Reynolds number range. Exergy efficiency was consistently higher for the enhanced system and remained within optical limit constraints. Environmental assessment based on grid emission factor displacement indicates approximately 33% greater annual CO2 mitigation potential, corresponding to about 6.6 tonnes over a 20-year service life. The levelized cost of heating was estimated at 3.1–4.4 ₹ kWh−1. These results indicate that compound curvature–vortex transport intensification can improve thermal efficiency and increase carbon mitigation potential under realistic operating conditions.
