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IntroductionThis bibliometric analysis examines the global research landscape on viral marketing using data extracted from the Scopus database and analyzed with Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Viral marketing, characterized by rapid message dissemination through digital networks and consumer sharing, has gained significant scholarly attention across diverse disciplines. ObjectiveThe annual scientific output reveals a steady growth in publications, reflecting increasing academic interest and the evolution of research themes over time. MethodAnalysis of top influential researcher’s highlights key contributors shaping the field’s theoretical and methodological advancements. Prominent scientific journals, particularly in marketing, consumer behavior, and information systems, serve as primary publication outlets, fostering interdisciplinary dialogue. ResultsGlobal research contributions by nation indicate that the United States, China, and India are leading producers, supported by active collaborations illustrated in the timeline network visualization of country partnerships. Co-citation analysis of cited authors and journals uncovers core intellectual foundations and interlinked knowledge domains. Bibliographic coupling of documents and co-occurrence of author keywords reveal thematic clusters that define the research focus, while thematic evolution and the thematic map highlight the transition from foundational studies to emerging topics such as social media analytics and influencer marketing. Trend topic analysis indicates growing emphasis on data-driven targeting, user engagement, and algorithmic influence modeling. ConclusionsThe study identifies research gaps in cross-cultural comparative studies, ethical considerations, and the integration of emerging technologies into viral marketing strategies, with practical implications for marketers seeking to optimize campaigns in a rapidly evolving digital environment.
Excessive heat generation in lithium-ion batteries during high C-rate operation can accelerate degradation, reduce efficiency, and compromise safety, underscoring the need for effective thermal management strategies. Phase change material (PCM)-based passive battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are attractive due to their latent heat storage capability; however, their low thermal conductivity necessitates enhancement techniques such as fins. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model employing the enthalpy-porosity method is developed to examine the thermal behavior of cylindrical cells integrated with PCM and aluminum fins. Both plate and pin-fin geometries are systematically investigated at thermal conductivity enhancer (TCE) fractions of 4.78%, 9.55%, and 14.33%, and additional simulations are performed for varying fin thickness at constant volume fraction. A performance metric, termed the “enhancement ratio,” is introduced to relate thermal conduction improvement to PCM endurance. Results indicate that pin fins with 9.55% volume fraction and 1 mm thickness achieve the most effective balance between heat transfer enhancement and latent heat storage, enabling extended safe operation under high C-rates. The findings provide practical design guidelines and a quantitative framework for optimizing PCM–fin structures in advanced BTMS in electric vehicle (EV) and stationary energy storage applications.
This study examines the performance of a high-gain quadratic boost converter (QBC) coupled with a self-lift circuit under two control methodologies: sliding mode control (SMC) and fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) control. The QBC topology is used because it can boost voltage significantly, which is especially useful for renewable energy applications. Simulation studies show that both controllers can control the output voltage of the converter, but the FOPID controller works better in dynamic situations. In particular, it makes settling happen faster, cuts down on overshoot, and lowers steady-state error compared to the SMC method. The overall results show that the FOPID controller is a good choice for improving stability and transient response. This makes it a good choice for advanced high-performance power electronic systems.
This study investigates the electrical and antibacterial properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nickel-doped cobalt ferrite (NixCo1-xFe2O4) and lithium-doped cobalt ferrite (LixCo1-x/2Fe2O4) where x = 0.5 synthesized via sol-gel technique using Allium sativum extract (green route) and citric acid (chemical route). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and FTIR to analyze their structural and morphological properties. The XRD analysis confirmed that Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4, Li0.5Co0.75Fe2O4 and CoFe2O4 compounds are well-crystallized and adopt a cubic spinel structure. The SEM images show distinct morphological changes between the variation of materials synthesis namely, chemically synthesized nanoparticles exhibit well-structured cubic phase, whereas green-synthesized nanoparticles display encapsulated and some irregular morphologies, probably due to the capping effect of the bioactive compound A. sativum extract used as chelating agent. The study on EDS confirmed the presence of all expected constituent elements in their stoichiometric ratios, verifying the successful synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles in the pure form. The analysis of synthesized samples through impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the green synthesis has lower bulk resistance and enhanced electrical conductivity comparative to chemically synthesized compounds. Among all compositions, Ni-doped cobalt ferrite (sol-gel route) exhibited the highest electrical conductivity, while green-synthesized Li0.5Co0.75Fe2O4 showed promising electrochemical behaviour, indicating its potential as an efficient anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the antibacterial examines against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains confirmed that the green-synthesized nanoparticles demonstrate a significant and greater antimicrobial activity across all compounds. Therefore, this study highlights the benefits of plant-mediated green synthesis as a sustainable and effective alternative to conventional sol-gel techniques for fabricating multifunctional ferrite nanomaterials with improved electrical and antibacterial routine.
Many pregnancies carry higher risks for different reasons and thus can only be followed closely in close active health care. Early prenatal care and regular check-ups are important for reducing such risks and leading to a better safer pregnancy and delivery. Hence, the state of physiology of both mother and child must therefore be monitored in real-time gestational surveillance. Current solutions either track maternal parameters such as heart rate and respiratory rate or focus on the fetal movements. However, no integrated system is proposed that tracks all these crucial aspects together. In this paper, an advanced wearable multi-parameter system based on FPGA and VLSI is introduced, monitoring not only the heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) of a pregnant woman but also detecting fetal movements and including several additional features for enhanced prenatal care. The core of the system uses MPU 6050 angle sensors that are strain-sensitive devices that can capture the movement of the mother's chest wall due to respiration and pulse and the movements of the fetus. FPGA and VLSI architectures ensure real-time analysis and processing, high energy efficiency, and low latency in processing.
