Introduction: Cryotherapy, encompassing whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) and partial-body cryotherapy (PBC), has gained increasing attention in sports, medicine, rehabilitation, and wellness for its potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and recovery-enhancing effects. Originally developed in Japan in the late 1970s for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, WBC has since evolved into a multidisciplinary therapeutic modality with a wide range of clinical and non-clinical applications. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase from 2013–2025 was conducted using the terms “cryotherapy,” “whole-body cryotherapy,” and “cryostimulation.” Results: The evidence suggests that WBC elicits systemic anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of cytokines (e.g., decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and hsCRP; increased IL-10), enhances antioxidant enzyme activity, and improves markers of oxidative stress. Clinical data further indicate beneficial outcomes in conditions such as rheumatic and osteoarticular diseases, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, mood disorders, chronic pain, and obesity. WBC may also support athletic recovery by reducing muscle soreness and improving performance adaptation. Despite its broad therapeutic potential, contraindications, including cardiovascular, neurological, and cold-related disorders, must be observed. Reported adverse effects are generally mild and transient. Conclusions: Overall, cryotherapy appears to be a promising adjunctive modality, though further controlled studies are warranted to establish standardised treatment protocols and confirm long-term safety and efficacy.
Introduction The term gender dysphoria has been known to humanity for a long time. Transsexuality has many definitions, but each of them leads to the same conclusions. It is a lack of acceptance of one's own biological sex, the one indicated by the anatomy and sex given to a newborn human. For these people, it is important that their appearance and tone of voice allow them to be recognized according to the gender they want to represent. This topic requires a multidisciplinary approach of specialists from various fields of medicine, such as: phoniatrics, otolaryngology, endocrinology, surgery and psychiatry. Purpose The aim of study is to review data on voice modification in both transgender men and transgender women. The possibilities that medicine offers to people who want to change the tone, quality and pitch of their voice will be emphasized. MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, and Science Direct databases. ResultsChanging the voice of transgender people is essential for self-acceptance and improves the quality of life of such people. Mental health problems such as depression and anxiety have been found to be significantly less after treatment has been implemented in these people's lives. ConclusionsMedicine offers many solutions, from conservative to invasive. Over the years, therapies have been developed that combine many medical fields, and these often bring the expected results. People who decide to undergo surgery must be aware that the results may not always be as expected or that complications may occur.
Calprotectin is a cytosol protein of granulocytes. It is presently used in diagnostics andmonitoring of gastrointestinal diseases, mainly in inflammatory bowel diseases. This paperpresents methods of calprotectin testing and its current role in clinical laboratory. In addition,the paper includes the review of current research and potential new applications of calprotectin.
Introduction and purpose of the work. Aesthetic medicine currently has many methods to keep our skin in the best possible condition, and one of these methods is the use of tissue stimulators. The purpose of the following paper is to analyze, present and apply tissue stimulators in anti-aging prevention. Review methods. The paper is based on a review of literature about tissue stimulators, aesthetic medicine and anti-aging therapy. Most of the publications used were from Pubmed and Google Scholar electronic databases. State of the art description. Aesthetic medicine is a department that over the past few years has been closely associated with the slowing down of skin aging processes. In humans, over the years, proliferative processes slow down, the rate of collagen and elastin degradation increases, and the intercellular matrix is reduced. Substances known as tissue stimulators used in anti-aging therapies mean that the above processes can be delayed. Conclusion. The expectations of patients visiting aesthetic medicine clinics regarding activities that improve their appearance are increasing. They are unable to accept their own aesthetic defects, which is why they often strive for unnatural effects. Tissue simulator treatments can be a valuable way for patients to maintain healthy and rejuvenated skin.
Introduction: In cardiac electrotherapy, new solutions are constantly sought to minimise the invasiveness of methods used so far and reduce the risk of complications. Implantation of traditional cardiac pacemakers carries risks of high probability that may cause both early and late adverse effects which are associated with presence of subcutaneous lodge and intravenous wires. A significant reduction in complications may be achieved by using leadless pacemakers the main representative of which is MicraTM (MicraTM transcatheter pacing system: TPS, Medtronic plc, Mounds View, MN, USA). Micra is 90% smaller than conventional pacemaker. The generator and electrode system is contained in one capsule-like device that is implanted directly into the right ventricle of the heart. The transcatheter pacing system is less invasive because it is placed in the heart with the use of a catheter via a femoral vein. thus no chest incision and scar. Purpose of the work: The aim is to present the subject of leadless cardiac pacing with the use of Micra device based on a review of current scientific publications. Methods and materials: The available medical literature related to cardiac pacing was analysed taking leadless technology into account. The analysed material was obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar. Conclusion: Cardiac electrotherapy with the use of leadless Micra pacemaker is a great example of substantial technological progress. Due to its structure and form, it is a beneficial alternative to a traditional pacemaker. It also offers promising solutions for the future. This is, however, a relatively new method of stimulation requiring further observation and analysis.
